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中文题名:

 陆九渊思想的形成过程、理论核心及学术辩异    

姓名:

 王娜    

保密级别:

 公开    

论文语种:

 chi    

学科代码:

 010102    

学科专业:

 中国哲学    

学生类型:

 硕士    

学位:

 哲学硕士    

学位类型:

 学术学位    

学位年度:

 2023    

校区:

 北京校区培养    

学院:

 哲学学院    

研究方向:

 中国哲学    

第一导师姓名:

 张奇伟    

第一导师单位:

 哲学学院    

提交日期:

 2023-06-20    

答辩日期:

 2023-06-05    

外文题名:

 The Formation Process, Theoretical Core, and Debate of Lu Jiuyuan's Theory    

中文关键词:

 陆九渊 ; 本心 ; 心即理 ; ;     

外文关键词:

 Lu Jiuyuan ; the Onto-mind ; The Onto-mind is the Principle ; the Principle ; Dao    

中文摘要:

陆九渊思想的形成与个人经历紧密相关。他在科举、讲学、做官等人生之渐 次展开的历程中逐渐扩充和完善自己的学问所得,积累和丰富自己的修养实践, 在与各地各类的学者、官员交流切磋中,慢慢形成和阐发着来自孟子的本心思想。 在人生的各个时期,陆九渊对学问之道的理解有不同。通过仔细阅读文献以及文 集,我认为陆九渊的思想有三个时期:入门期、发展期、成熟期。入门期是陆九 渊初入理学(主要指程学)的过程,而后其学问兴趣由程学转向孟学。发展期是 陆九渊科举求学的过程,其本心思想逐渐突显其特色。成熟期是陆九渊本心思想 终成一派的过程,即形成以“心即理”为核心的理论。 “心即理”是陆九渊哲学的核心。道落实为具体事物而为理,理是道的具体 变化,本心是道的具体变化而落实在人心,本心所在即精微与广大统一,凡人与 圣贤同一而无二。陆九渊吸收了孟子之本心能知能行的观点,补充心易知易行之 能力。他努力阐明道、理、天地人的关系。将“太极”解释为中道,人既位于天 地之中,中即人之所以为人的标准。人道作为中道从而确立人了与天地并立的地 位,同时也确立了本心之同。本心之同即凡圣之同——圣人广大之本心与凡人精 微之本心,实为一心而无有二物,则凡圣在为道上只有修养程度的差异。 陆九渊认为学者若不能见此心之同然,则不能明圣人之道,由此与朱熹产生 了无极太极之辩。与友人弟子的交流辩论中,他反复强调明辨“异端”而为道, 撰写《荆国王文公祠堂记》来讲明道之同异及其他学说之得失,以此尝试确立陆 学之价值。

外文摘要:

The formation of Lu Jiuyuan's theory is closely related to his personal experiences. He developed his cognitionand practic through various means such as imperial examinations, lecturing, and serving as an official. Through exchanging and discussing ideas with scholars and officials from different regions, he gradually developed the theory of Onto-mind, which emphasized the interpretation of the Onto-mind of Mencius. At different stages of his life, Lu Jiuyuan had different understandings of the will to be a oracle. After carefully reading his works and collections, I believe that the formation of Lu Jiuyuan's theory can be divided into three stages: the introductory stage, the developmental stage, and the mature stage. The introductory stage was the process of Lu Jiuyuan's initial introduction to the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism, with a focus on the ideas of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Later, he was interested in the way of being a oracle based on Mencius. The developmental stage was the process of Lu Jiuyuan's pursuit of knowledge through imperial examinations, during which his unique philosophy gradually emerged. The mature stage was the process in which Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy of the Onto-mind with the core of "The Ontomind is the Principle." "The Onto-mind is the Principle" is the core of Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy. The Dao is realized in concrete things and is the Principle, which is the manifestation of the Dao. The Onto-mind also is the manifestation of the Dao as the Principle. The Onto-mind is both subtle and vast, and there is no difference between the Onto-mind of the sages and the Onto-mind of people. Lu Jiuyuan absorbed Mencius' interpretation of the Onto-mind’s ability to know and to act and figured out the ability to understand and apply it easily. He clarified the relationship along Dao, Principle, Heaven, Earth, and Man. He interpreted "Tai Ji" as the Mean, where human beings are located between the Way of Heaven and the Way of Earth, and the Mean is the Way of Man. As the Mean, the Way of Man established the value of human beings as well as heaven and earth, and established the sameness of the Onto-mind. The vast Onto-mind of the sages and the subtle Ontomind of ordinary people are one and the same. Therefore, in terms of the Way, there is only a difference in the degree of the will or the cultivation to be a oracle between the sages and ordinary people. At the same time, Lu Jiuyuan believed that scholars should not only perceive the Way of Man but also understand the sameness of the Onto-mind. Therefore, he had a debate with Zhu Xi about the Wu Ji and the TaiJi, and emphasized the need to distinguish "heretical". He also wrote "Record of the Wang Anshi 's Temple" ,in an attempt to establish the value of his own theory,to clarify the sameness of the Onto-mind which scholars had less knowledge.

参考文献总数:

 69    

作者简介:

 哲学学院    

馆藏号:

 硕010102/23002    

开放日期:

 2024-06-19    

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