背景：加强基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革是提升供给质量、扩大有效供给、提高服务效率、增强人民群众的获得感的重要手段；但如何完善基本公共卫生供给机制、推进基本公共卫生服务的供给侧改革，国内尚未见系统研究。 目的：分析重庆市基本公共卫生服务供给机制改革的三种创新举措的具体做法，成效和问题，并探索完善基本公共卫生服务供给机制的可能的路径，为加快推进我国基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革提供依据。 方法：利用关键词在CNKI等数据库检索基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革的相关文献，并进行综述；采用典型抽样的方法，选择重庆市荣昌区和九龙坡区作为研究对象，采用案例分析、定性分析和参与式观察法等方法对两地三种供给侧改革举措进行分析；从供给主体、供给责任和供给方式等角度分析不同供给机制的优劣及可能的解决方案。 结果：我国政府在公卫服务方面投入逐年增加，但基本公卫服务仍然供给不足，重要原因是能力不足和激励不足；城乡基本公共卫生服务供给不均衡；基本公共卫生服务效率不高、公众对服务质量和满意度不高。重庆市积极开展基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革，样本地区主要采取了政府向乡村医生个人购买服务、政府向社会办的基层医疗卫生机构购买服务和将乡村医生纳入事业编制三种机制来扩大基本公共卫生服务有效供给。从实施效果来看，对比重庆市基本公共卫生服务效果的数据，三种创新举措均有助于加快推进基本公共卫生服务均等化进程，但各有优缺点。 结论：基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革仍存在众多亟需解决的问题：一是制度设计不完善，主要表现为向个人购买基本公共卫生服务不符合相关政策要求，供方间同质竞争、关系复杂，购买基本公共卫生服务的监督评价机制不完善，注重上级考核目标而忽视需方的合理需求，经费补助不足、配置不合理；二是基本公共卫生服务供给的公共价值管理范式未形成，政府尚不习惯运用市场化机制保障基本公共卫生服务供给，市场化服务供给主体的参与机制缺失，基本公共卫生服务需方参与不足，供方退出机制缺失。加强基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革迫在眉睫；“养人办事”与“办事养人”均是基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革的可能选择，但要注重制度设计，以便发挥各自优势，弥补各自不足；基本公共卫生服务供给侧改革需要鼓励充分竞争，逐步建立合理的价格形成机制。 建议：一是构建以政府为主导的“利益相关者协同”的多主体供给机制；二是推动供给方式多元化和市场化；三是建立基本公共卫生服务供需双方共同参与和协商治理的模式。

Background：Supply side reform is an important measure to improve service quality, increase effective provision, better service efficiency and availability of the people. But how to accelerate supplier reform in Essential Public Health Services was not identified and not found in current literatures. Objective: To analyze the three innovative measures in the supply side reform of the Essential Public Health Services in Chongqing, and to explore the possible path for the supply side reform of Essential Public Health Services to provide a basis for speeding up the reform of the supply side of Essential Public Health Services in China. Methods: Using the key words in CNKI and other databases to retrieve the relevant literature of the basic public health service supply side reform, and make a summary. Using the typical sampling method, we select the Rongchang district and the Jiulongpo district in Chongqing as the research area, and adopt the methods of case study, qualitative analysis and participatory observation to analyze the three kinds of supply side reform. The advantages and disadvantages of different supply mechanisms and possible solutions are analyzed from the perspectives of supply entities, supply responsibilities and supply modes. Results: The government's investment in public health services has increased year by year, but provision of Essential Public Health Services is still inadequate due to insufficient capacity and insufficient incentive for providers. The provision of Essential Public Health Services between urban and rural areas is not balanced; the efficiency of Essential Public Health Services is far from expected, and the public's quality of service and satisfaction is not as high as expected. the supply side reform of Essential Public Health Services was carried out actively in Chongqing. The mechanism of government purchasing services from village doctors, from the non-government primary health care institutions, and transferring village doctors to formal employees in township hospitals were introduced mainly to expand the effective provision of Essential Public Health Services. In term of the implementation effect, the three reforms help to speed up the equalization process of Essential Public Health Services, but each has its own merits and faults. Conclusion: there are still many problems that need to be solved in the supply side reform of Essential Public Health Services: firstly, the imperfect system design is mainly manifested in the lack of relevant policy requirements for the purchase of Essential Public Health Services to individual village doctors, the providers are homogeneous in competition and complex relations, and the supervision and evaluation mechanism for the purchase of Essential Public Health Services is not complete. More attention was paid to the superior assessment target while the reasonable demand of the demand side was ignored. Funds of Essential Public Health Services was insufficient and its allocation unreasonable. Secondly, the public value management paradigm of Essential Public Health Services provision is not formed, the government is not yet used to introduce the market mechanism to guarantee the provision of public service, the market oriented service provider's participation mechanism is missing and the demand side of the public health service is insufficient, the providers exit mechanism is missing. It is imminent to strengthen the supply side reform of Essential Public Health Services. Both "raising people" and "keeping people" are the possible options for the supply side reform of Essential Public Health Services, but more attention should be paid to the system design to make full use of their respective advantages and make up for their own shortcomings; the basic public health service supply side reform needs to encourage full competition and a reasonable price formation mechanism should be established gradually. Suggestions: Firstly, to build the multi-agent supply mechanism of "stakeholder collaboration" dominated by the government; secondly, to promote the diversification and marketization of the supply mode; thirdly, to establish the common participation and consultative governance model of the basic public health services, and lastly, to carry out the satisfaction survey of the third party evaluation and the demand side.