随着全球气候变暖、极端天气频繁出现，极端降雨在城市内部引发的暴雨内涝已成为广受公众关注的一类自然灾害。解析降雨的时空分布规律，识别城市内涝风险区域，对于减少城市内涝及其损失具有重要意义。本研究利用深圳市154个自动气象站逐小时降水数据，分析了2008—2017年的降雨时空分布特征，并结合城市下垫面状况，从生态系统服务供需的角度提出了极端暴雨风险评估指标，识别了城市内涝高风险地区，进而分析了现有海绵工程建设项目可能的作用。研究结果表明：（1）全市降水年际波动不显著，但年内各月份降水差异显著，春夏两季降水占比平均超过70%；（2）全市降水空间分布不均匀，存在2个明显的雨岛中心，且主要影响建成区域，其形成受地形、城市化等要素影响；（3）深圳全市存在8处极端暴雨极高风险区，占全市建成区面积的11.45%，通过遥感图像分析，发现其内部均以建筑和其他硬化地表为主。通过与现有海绵工程项目对比，各区域还需进一步结合短时高强度暴雨特征，加强雨水滞蓄设施建设。

With global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, urban waterlogging caused by extreme rainfall has become a major natural disaster and aroused public concern. In order to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution laws of rainfall and identify the risk of urban waterlogging, this study used hourly precipitation data from 2008 to 2017 recorded by 154 automatic weather stations to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall in Shenzhen. Then, we proposed the concept of extreme rainstorm risk assessment from the perspective of supply and demand, identifying the potential high-risk areas, and analyzed the possible effects of existing Sponge City construction projects. The results showed that: (1) The fluctuation of Shenzhen's precipitation from 2008 to 2017 was not significant, while the temporal distribution of rainfall between months of the year was extremely uneven; (2) Two obvious Rain Island centers mainly covered the built-up areas, the formation of which was influenced by topography, urbanization and other factors; (3) There were eight obvious extreme high-risk areas of rainstorm in Shenzhen, covering 11.45% of the built-up area, and these areas were dominated by gray buildings and avenues referring to the remote sensing images. Through the comparison with the existing Sponge City project, we recommended that the high-risk regions need to further integrate the characteristics of short-term and high-intensity rainstorm with the measures of strengthening the construction of storm water storage facilities.