数字经济背景下，消费者评价权对消费者保护、经营者利益维护和市场经济秩序高效稳定都有重要价值，但现实中侵害消费者评价权的行为屡屡发生，消费者评价权与经营者名誉权的纠纷解决尚未形成一致意见，学界对消费者评价利益认识不一，加强消费者评价利益的研究具有较强的理论和现实意义。本文致力于研究四个问题，一是消费者评价利益是否应当独立成权，二是消费者评价权的法律性质，三是消费者评价权的边界，四是我国消费者评价权法律制度的完善。除绪论、结论外，本文包含六章，主要围绕以上四个问题展开。

       第一章探讨消费者评价权的产生与发展。通过对立法、司法和理论界观点的对比分析，指出消费者评价权是消费者基于消费活动而享有的依法支配其评价利益的权利。其权利主体为消费者，权利客体为评价利益，权利内容包含评价自由权，评价修改、删除权和评价公开权。消费者评价权的发展经历了萌芽期、发展期和成熟期，目前呈现出保护程度越来越高、重视社会共治作用发挥和兼顾经营者名誉权三个特点。

       第二章主要探讨消费者评价权的证成。本章从法理学、言论自由价值的私法落实、民事权益的保护、消费者权利的发展四个维度对消费者评价权的独立性予以论证。从法理学上来说，我国关于消费者评价的法律规定已初步形成了一个霍菲尔德系统，从现有的消费者知悉权也可推理出消费者评价权存在的必要性。从言论自由的价值实现角度来说，消费者评价权与言论自由在个人自决与发展的价值追求上具有一致性，但我国宪法规定不属于裁判依据，基本权利对于私法的影响理论上还有争议，因此必须在私法上对消费者评价利益予以单独保护才能有效落实个人自决与发展的精神要求。从民事权益角度来说，以民事法益的形式无法为消费者评价利益提供周全保护，目前消费者评价利益已具备转化为权利的条件。从消费者权利的角度来说，消费结构的转变要求法律做出相应改变，赋予消费者评价权是解决网络交易下新型消费者问题的有效方法。因此，应当赋予消费者评价权以独立权利地位。

       第三章探讨消费者评价权的性质。消费者权利是一个权利束，它的性质认定不能脱离具体权利做一概认定，而应根据不同权利的特点予以分别判断。消费者权利包含民事权利、社会权等多种权利类型，消费者人格权是消费者在消费关系中享有的以人格利益为客体的权利。它属于人格权的一种，但消费者人格权所涉的社会关系更加细化，是生活消费过程中消费者与经营者之间形成的保护消费者人格利益的民事关系，具有相对性。消费者评价权体现了消费者的人格尊严和人格自由价值，属于消费者人格权的范畴。

       第四章探讨消费者评价权的边界。本章从消费者评价侵权、消费者评价权滥用和权利冲突三个维度展开，认为普通消费者的评价要构成对经营者名誉权的侵权应当遵循特别的构成要件，该“特殊”体现为普通消费者构成对经营者名誉权的侵权主观上必须是重大过失或故意，而“网络大 V”等具有较大影响力的消费者无论是故意还是过失均可构成经营者名誉权侵权。本章总结了消费者评价权滥用的三种主要类型，即故意损害他人权益的评价权滥用、做出评价的消费者所得利益与造成的损害不平衡、消费者评价前后矛盾不符合信义要求。同时本章提出了消费者评价权与其他权利发生冲突时应当遵循的冲突解决方式，即从权利冲突可能导致的结果出发进行比例衡量，同时在开展狭义比例衡量时运用层次论的方法考量目的所得与手段所失之间的平衡关系，从而得出最终结论。

       第五章、第六章重在探讨完善我国消费者评价权法律规定的方案。本文认为从立法模式上来说，可考虑将与消费者评价权保护相关的多个法律条文通过一个统一的修法决定予以修订，建立起确权与行为规制相结合的、具有中国特色的消费者评价权法律保护体系。从完善实体法规定来说，建议在《消费者权益保护法》中确认消费者享有评价权，厘定消费者评价权与经营者名誉权的界限，完善保障消费者评价权的义务规定，明确“限言条款”无效，完善侵害消费者评价权的法律责任。从完善程序法规定来说，建议修改消费公益诉讼制度，完善消费仲裁制度，为消费者维权提供便利。从完善配套法律制度方面来说，建议建立消费者评价权举报奖励制度，完善消费者评价权教育制度。

    Under the background of digital economy, consumer’s right to review is of great value to consumer protection, operator interests and order of the market economy. However, in reality, the infringement of the consumer’s right to review often occurs, the dispute between the consumer’s right to review and the operator's reputation right has not reached an agreement, and academic circles have different understandings on the of the consumer review interest. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to research the consumer review interest. This paper devotes itself to four questions. The first question is whether the consumer review interest is an independent right. The second question is the legal nature of the consumer’s right to review. The third question is the boundary of the consumer’s right to review. The fourth question is the legal perfection of consumer’s right to review in China. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper contains six chapters, mainly focusing on the above four questions. 

    The first chapter discusses the emergence and development of consumer’s right to review. Through the comparative analysis of legislative, judicial and theoretical views, it points out that consumer’s right to review is the right that consumers enjoy to control their review interests according to law based on consumption activities. The subject of the right is the consumer, the object of the right is the review interest, and the content of the right includes the right of freedom of reviews, the right of modification and deletion of reviews and the right of disclosure of reviews. The development of consumer’s right to review has experienced the embryonic stage, the development stage and the mature stage. At present, it shows three characteristics: the protection degree getting higher and higher, the importance of social co-governance and the consideration of the operator's reputation right. 

    The second chapter mainly discusses the evidence of consumer’s right to review. This chapter analyzes the independence of consumer’s right to review from four dimensions: jurisprudence, private law implementation of the value of freedom of speech, protection of civil rights and the development of consumer rights. From the perspective of jurisprudence, the legal provisions of the consumer review in China have initially formed a Hofield System, and the necessity of consumer’s right to review can be deduced from the consumer’s right of know. From the realization of the value of freedom of speech, consumer’s right to review and freedom of speech are consistent in the value pursuit of individual self-determination and development, but the provisions of the Constitution in China cannot be used as the basis of judgment and the influence of fundamental rights on private law is controversial in theory. Therefore, in order to effectively implement the spiritual requirements of individual self-determination and development, it is necessary to separately protect consumer review interests in private law. From the perspective of civil rights and interests, it can not provide comprehensive protection for the consumer review interests by the form of civil legal interests, and at present, the consumer review interest has the conditions to transform into rights. From the perspective of consumer rights, the transformation of consumption structure requires corresponding changes in law, and it is an effective method to endow the consumer with the right to review to solve the new consumer problem under the network transaction. Therefore, the independent right status of consumer’s right to review should be recognized.

    The third chapter discusses the legal nature of consumer’s right to review. The consumer right is a bundle of rights, its nature can’t be determined without specific rights, but should be judged according to the characteristics of different rights. It includes civil rights, social rights and other types of rights. Consumer personality right is the right that consumers enjoy in the consumption relationship and take personal interests as the object. It belongs to personality right, but consumer personality right involves more detailed social relations. It is a civil relationship formed between consumers and operators in the process of living consumption to protect consumer personality interests and it is relative. The consumer’s right to review embodies consumer's personal dignity and personal freedom value. It belongs to the category of consumer personality right. 

    The fourth chapter discusses the boundary of consumer’s right to review. This chapter starts from three dimensions: the infringement of consumer’s right to review, the abuse of consumer’s right to review and the conflicts of rights. The reviews of ordinary consumers should follow special constitutive requirements of infringing the operator's right of reputation, that is, the subjective aspect of consumers must be gross negligence or intention. However,consumers with great influence, such as "Internet celebrities", either intentionally or negligently, can constitute infringement of reputation rights. This chapter summarizes three main types of abuse of consumer’s right to review, that is, abuse of consumer’s right to review that intentionally damages the rights and interests of others, imbalance between the interests of consumers who make reviews and the damage caused by the reviews, inconsistency of consumer reviews which does not meet the requirements of the fiduciary duty. At the same time, this chapter puts forward the conflict resolution method that should be followed when the consumer’s right to review conflicts with other rights, that is, the principle of proportion is used to measure the interests of the possible results of rights conflict, and the method of hierarchy theory is used to consider the balance relationship between the gain of the end and the loss of the means when carrying out the narrow proportion measure, so as to draw the final conclusion. 

    The fifth chapter and the sixth chapter focus on perfecting the legal provisions of consumer’s right to review in China. This paper holds that in terms of legislative model, it is suggested to revise legal provisions related to the protection of the consumer’s right to review through a unified law revision decision, so as to establish a legal protection system of the consumer’s right to review with Chinese characteristics combining the confirmation of the right and the behavior regulation. In terms of improving the substantive law, it is necessary to confirm the consumer’s right to review in the "Consumer Protection Law" , define the boundary between the consumer’s right to review and operators' right of reputation, perfect the obligation provisions of protecting the consumer’s right to review, make clear the invalidity of "restrictive clauses", and perfect the legal liability for infringing the consumer’s right to review. In terms of improving the procedural law, we should revise the consumer public interest litigation system and improve the consumer arbitration system to facilitate consumer rights protection. In terms of perfecting the supporting legal system, it is suggested to establish a reward system for reporting violations of the consumer’s right to review and improve the education system of the consumer’s right to review.