新冠肺炎疫情的世界大流行，除了直接带来的对身体健康与生命的威胁之外，还影响了人们生活的许多方面。在防疫抗疫过程中，民众也产生了对新冠感染者群体的污名化。目前国内对新冠污名问题的实证研究较少，对疫情影响个体生活与产生对感染者污名间的关系尚不明确；同时世界各政府采取的防疫措施各不相同，那么如果政府被认为应承担有更多的防疫责任，是否有助于减少对感染者的污名，这其中也尚未有明确的实证研究论证。本研究期望通过研究个人受到疫情影响的状况、个人对疫情防控责任归因与对感染者群体的污名间的关系，探索新冠污名产生的机制，为社工干预对感染者群体的污名以及其他伴生问题提供切入点与理论基础，以应对公共卫生事件中的污名问题。

本研究在中国大陆新冠疫情爆发期间（2020年2月1日-2月10日），通过问卷星采用方便取样的方式对全国2858名成年民众进行调查，采用自编量表对变量进行测量，描述了民众对感染者的污名化、疫情防控责任归因与个人生活受影响程度的特点，探讨了民众个人生活受影响的情况及其对患者污名化之间的关系，以及民众对疫情防控责任归因的调节作用，主要研究结果如下：

第一，主要变量的情况如下：

（1）新冠疫情对个人的生活有普遍的影响，其中对个人工作和出行的影响显著高于对生计和就医的影响。（2）民众普遍存在对感染者的污名化，其中对感染者要保持社会距离的得分显著高于认为感染者区别于普通人的得分。（3）民众普遍认为疫情防控责任更多要归因于政府。

第二，个人生活受疫情影响中的影响生计和就医维度可以显著正向预测感染者的污名化的区别化维度得分；

第三，疫情防控责任归因中的个人归因、政府归因两维度均能够显著正向预测对感染者的污名化的区别化、社会距离两维度得分；

第四，疫情防控责任个人归因在个人生活受疫情影响与污名化的社会距离、区别化维度之间具有调节作用，具体而言，疫情防控责任高个人归因会强化个体生活和就医受影响的消极影响，产生更多对感染者群体的污名化；但疫情防控责任高个人归因会减弱个人的工作与出行受疫情影响的污名化消极影响，减少个体对感染者群体的区别化污名。

根据研究结果，结合社会工作现有专业方法及技术，提出如下建议：多层次干预污名化问题；保障个人基本需要，降低个人生计就医受疫情影响程度、进行政策倡导与宣传教育，减少制度性污名与对个人的责任归因。通过以上三方面建议对污名化进行预防与干预。

In addition to the immediate threat to health and life, the COVID-19 emergency has affected many aspects of people's lives. In the process of epidemic prevention and treatment, the public also stigmatized the group of COVID - 19 patients and associated persons. At present, there are few empirical studies on COVID-19 stigma in China, and the relationship between COVID-19 stigma and the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of individuals is still unclear. There is also no clear empirical study on whether governments' perceived greater responsibility for prevention helps to reduce the stigma associated with infected people, since the measures taken by governments vary around the world. This study is expected to explore the mechanism of COVID-19-related stigma by studying the relationship between the impact of covid-19 on the lives of individuals, individual attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control and stigma to the infected group, and to provide a breakthrough point and theoretical basis for social workers to intervention in the stigma of infection group and other associated problems, so as to deal with stigma in public health events.

       This study adopted the form of online research, during the COVID-19 outbreak (February 1, 2020 - February 10) in mainland China powered by www.wjx.cn, in the form of convenience sampling to the national survey was conducted among 2858 adult people, using the self-made scale to measure variables. This study described the situation of the impact of covid-19 on the lives of individuals, the stigmatization of those infected individuals’ attribution of responsibility, and explored the relationship between the impact of covid-19 on the lives of individuals and the stigmatization of those infected, and analyzed the moderating roles of individuals’ attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control. The main findings of the study are as follows:

       First, the situation of the main variables is as follows:

(1). COVID-19 has a general impact on individuals' lives, in which the impact on their work and travel is significantly higher than the impact on their livelihood and medical treatment. (2). The public stigmatize the infected people widely, and the score of maintaining social isolation for infected people is significantly higher than that of distinguishing infected people from ordinary people. (3). People generally believe that the epidemic prevention and control responsibility more due to the government.

Second, the dimensions of livelihood and medical treatment of individuals affected by the epidemic could significantly predict the stigmatization scores of COVID-19 patients and associated persons.

Third, in the attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control, the two dimensions of individual and government attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control can significantly positively predict the scores of distinguishing and social isolations.

Fourth, individual attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control plays a moderating role in the relationship between the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of individuals and social isolation and distinguishing. Specifically, individual attribution of epidemic prevention and control will strengthen the negative impact of individual life and medical treatment affected, resulting in more stigmatization of infected groups. On the other hand, individual attribution of epidemic prevention and control responsibility will weaken the negative stigma of individuals' work and travel affected by the epidemic, and reduce the stigma of individuals' stigma towards COVID-19 patients and associated persons.

Based on the results of the study and the existing professional methods and techniques of social work, the following suggestions are proposed: multilevel intervention in stigma; To protect the basic needs of individuals, reduce the impact of the epidemic on their livelihood and medical treatment, carry out policy advocacy, publicity and education, and reduce institutional stigma and individual attribution of responsibility for epidemic prevention and control. The above three aspects suggest prevention and intervention of stigmatization.