在大数据技术的推动下，侦查活动与犯罪行为的斗争呈现出新的特点。犯罪行为不再局限于物理空间，而是在现实世界与数字空间的互动中展现出新的发展机制和变化规律，这给传统的侦查方式带来了全面的挑战。与此同时，大数据等现代技术在侦查领域的广泛应用，促进了大数据侦查的诞生，并重新确立了侦查在对抗犯罪中的主导地位。大数据侦查不仅仅是一种新的侦查手段或策略，它代表了一种全新的侦查理念、思维方式和方法路径，标志着侦查发展的新阶段。

当现行规则无法适应新形势的变化时，就需要法律及时作出理性回应。现阶段大数据侦查已经超越了传统立法的调整范围，且关于大数据侦查的法律规定分散、混乱，导致其法律属性模糊。同时大数据侦查技术本身存在数据质量参差不齐、算法偏见等问题，均对人权保障提出了重大挑战，仅靠传统规制原则已难以适应侦查实践的发展。此外，大数据侦查增强了侦查行为的侵入性、隐秘性和不透明性，司法实践中侦查人员时常出现操作不规范的情况，导致程序违法、公民的合法权利遭受侵犯。在此背景下，需要创新并完善大数据侦查的法律制度，引导大数据侦查从无序变为有序，让法律制度与信息革命所引发的社会变革同步跟进。

本文在对大数据侦查自身以及使用过程中所存在的问题进行梳理后，有针对性地提出对策和建议。对于大数据侦查法律属性模糊的问题，需要从法律层面明确大数据侦查的定位，完善立法进而实现法律授权，并对大数据侦查的适用范围进行严格的限制。在技术层面，应当完善数据采集和算法的使用，加强算法备案和可靠性审查等，让大数据技术更好地服务于侦查工作。在侦查机关使用大数据侦查的过程中，应当对大数据侦查的启动条件进行限制，同时加强内外部的监督和审查，规范信息的后续处置，方能更加全面、立体地对大数据侦查的法律规制进行完善，推进大数据侦查的法治化进程。

Driven by big data technology, the fight against criminal behaviors has taken on new characteristics. Criminal behaviors are no longer limited to physical space, but show new development mechanisms and changes in the interaction between the real world and digital space, which brings comprehensive challenges to traditional investigation methods. At the same time, the wide application of modern technologies such as big data in the field of investigation has promoted the birth of big data investigation, and re-established the leading role of investigation in combating crimes. Big data investigation is not only a new means or strategy of investigation, but also represents a new concept, way of thinking and method path of investigation, marking a new stage of investigation development.

When the current rules cannot adapt to the changes of the new situation, it is necessary for the law to make a timely and rational response. At the current stage, big data investigation has gone beyond the adjustment scope of traditional legislation, and the legal provisions on big data investigation are scattered and chaotic, resulting in a fuzzy legal attribute. At the same time, there are problems such as uneven data quality and algorithm bias in big data investigation technology itself, which pose a major challenge to the protection of human rights. It is difficult to adapt to the development of investigation practice only by traditional regulation principles. In addition, big data investigation enhances the invasiveness, secrecy and opacity of investigation behaviors. In judicial practice, investigators often operate in a non-standard way, resulting in illegal procedures and infringement of citizens' legitimate rights. In this context, it is necessary to innovate and improve the legal system of big data investigation, guide big data investigation from disorder to order, and make the legal system and social changes caused by the information revolution follow up synchronously.

After sorting out the problems existing in the process of big data investigation itself and its use, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. For the problem of fuzzy legal attributes of big data investigation, it is necessary to clarify the positioning of big data investigation from the legal level, improve the legislation to achieve legal authorization, and strictly limit the scope of application of big data investigation. At the technical level, it is necessary to improve the use of data collection and algorithms, strengthen algorithm filing and reliability review, so that big data technology can better serve the investigation work. In the process of using big data investigation by investigation agencies, it is necessary to restrict the start conditions of big data investigation, strengthen internal and external supervision and review, and standardize the subsequent disposal of information, so as to improve the legal regulations of big data investigation more comprehensively and three-dimensionally and promote the process of rule of law of big data investigation.