目前，已有很多学者从不同角度对“世界”理论展开研究，包括哲学、叙事学、认知心理学、认知语言学和认知诗学等，并且已经取得一些成果。其中，认知诗学中的“世界”理论研究还处于起步阶段，此领域中的不同世界理论有各自的特点，相比于其它世界理论，由Werth提出并被Gavins进一步修改的文本世界理论是一个具有代表性的、相对完整并且具有创新性的理论，为我们提供了一个动态的语篇分析框架，将文本与语境紧密结合，重心放在阅读文本时的心理表征上，在分析文学语篇时尤为有效。 然而，纵观前贤对文本世界理论的研究，可以发现绝大部分的研究都直接将现有的文本世界理论框架应用于不同语篇实践，包括诗歌、小说、歌词，又或者将文本世界理论与其它世界理论进行比较，却忽视了现有文本世界理论本身存在的问题和不足。所以，重新审视文本世界理论是非常必要的，而本研究正着点于此。首先，本研究重新审视文本世界理论，探讨理论存在的问题和不足之处。然后，做出相应修改和调整，提出一个更为完善的理论框架。最后，用完善后的框架，以小说《一九八四》为个案研究做出认知诗学分析，探讨认知诗学中的世界是如何构建和更新的，同时，世界构建中突出的文本世界和亚世界提供了一个对文中所塑造角色的跨世界分析，凸显小说主题——逐步深入的反叛。 在探讨现有文本世界理论的框架时，研究发现，Werth对于亚世界的分类存在较大问题，他将梦世界归入态度亚世界中的愿望世界，同时又宣称并不是所有的梦世界都代表愿望，这点是自相矛盾的，并且，他的信念亚世界和认知亚世界存在重叠，文本世界图看起来也不够清晰。在关于自由间接话语和内心独白建立的世界层次上，二者也均有分歧之处。此外，Werth和Gavins都认为叙事者占据着文本世界层次，这点与文本世界的定义相冲突。针对这些问题，本研究提出了相关分析和修改意见：（1）Gavins对于亚世界的分类较为合理，基于此，我们将幻想世界（来自Ryan的可能世界理论）加入到亚世界类别中，形成世界转换、愿望世界、义务世界、认知世界及幻想世界，让亚世界的分类更加完整；（2）由否定、直接思想、间接思想、自由间接思想构建的世界进入认知亚世界范畴，间接引语和自由间接引语不构成亚世界；（3）对梁和刘（2009）中提出的对文本世界界定标准的说法加以范围限定，并基于Werth原本对文本世界的定义进行修改，尝试性提出一个更为通用具体的界定标准；（4）针对以往研究文本世界理论图画法（即读者阅读时的心理表征）的不准确、不规范现象，做出相应说明和规范。 本文对现有文本世界理论框架进行了修改和完善，能为未来的文本世界理论研究和实践运用提供一些参考和新的思路。在此基础上，对于一些夹杂较多复杂层次如梦境、幻境和回忆等的语篇，文本世界理论能够帮助读者更好地理清纹路，以便更深入地解读该语篇。

Studies on the “world” theory, up till now, have been conducted from various perspectives, including philosophy, narratology, cognitive psychology, cognitive linguistics, and cognitive poetics and some fruitful achievements have been made. The research on world theories in cognitive poetics is still in its initial stage and different world-related theories in this field seem to have their own characteristics and highlights, among which Text World Theory put forward by Werth (1999) and further modified by Gavins (2007) is a relatively complete and innovative one compared with others. Text World Theory provides a dynamic discourse analysis framework, placing text and context together as a part of cognitive process and centering on the mental representation to understand the text, which makes it a rather illuminating theory in dealing with literary texts. However, in view of the previous study on Text World Theory, it is found that the majority of the work are focused on the direct application of the theory to various discourse genres including poetry, fiction, lyrics, or compare Text World Theory with other world theories like Possible World Theory, neglecting the incompleteness and certain problems of the Text World Theory framework. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the Text World Theory per se. Hence, in this thesis, first, we re-examine the content of the framework itself, and discuss in detail some existing problems and unsatisfactory questions. Second, after corresponding modifications have been made, a refined model of Text World Theory is proposed. At last, a cognitive poetic analysis of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is conducted as a case study to illustrate how the worlds are built and maintained based on the revised framework of Text World Theory. Meanwhile, these foregrounded text worlds and sub-worlds ensure a cross-world analysis of characterization and contribute to revealing the theme of the fiction, that is, rebellion step by step. Pertaining to the discussion about the deficiencies of the current TWT, it is discovered that Werth’s taxonomy of sub-world is problematic with dream in desire world and overlap between belief sub-world and epistemic sub-world and the somewhat “chaotic” text world diagram. With regard to the worlds established by negative statements, FID and monologue, they seem to have different opinions. Besides, both Werth and Gavins have mistakenly placed narrator in text world level which is inconsistent with their definition of text world. In response to these aspects, after the analysis and discussion, several suggested modifications are offered: (1) the classification of sub-world is mainly based on Gavins (2007) which is more reasonable and sound after comparison with Werth (1999), adding fantasy world which is borrowed from Ryan’s Possible World Theory into sub-world category to make it more complete, which forms world-switch, boulomaic world, deontic world, epistemic world and fantasy world, five sub-categories; (2) the worlds established by negation, DT, IT, FIT and monologue come into epistemic world, and IS and FIS are not sub-world forming; (3) we have analyzed the principle to better identify text world put forward in Liang & Liu (2009) and a more universal principle to identify text world is tentatively offered in this thesis on the basis of their work; (4) we have also paid special attention to the explanations of the shape of text world diagram which is often neglected and drawn incorrectly previously. The thesis forms part of a wider ongoing project which not only provides a refined framework for future research on the development of Text World Theory itself and its application, but also provides illuminations for further exploration on the literary texts with various world layers like dreams and memories and fantasies in that Text World Theory provides multilayered and more precise insights to reveal the different layers of the text and help readers sort out the clues in the discourse.