松材线虫作为我国的一种入侵生物，破坏性强，具有广泛的生态适应性，寄主范围较广，温度适应能力强。热激蛋白是近年来对生物耐热机制研究最多的蛋白之一，其分布广泛，结构保守，在生物体抵抗一系列的压力过程中起到了重要作用。本文对松材线虫HSP12基因在mRNA水平和基因组水平进行了全长的克隆，并结合拟松材线虫HSP12基因序列的片段构建了系统发育树，此发育树包括来自中国、美国、日本的27个松材线虫种群和4个中国的拟松材线虫种群，反映了HSP12基因在种间及种内进化上的高度保守性。本文还对松材线虫HSP12基因利用RNA干扰进行沉默，从生存力、耐热力两个方面进行表型观察。研究发现：12h和36h的HSP12基因的RNA干扰对松材线虫的生存力影响不显著，HSP12较高温度（如45℃）条件下明显增强松材线虫的耐热力。

Pine wood nematode，Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Steiner & Buhrer）Nickle，is an invasive species. It is very destructive and has a wide range of ecology adaptivity. Heat Shock Protein（HSP）is a hot spot in stress-resistance research recently. It exists in all organisms from bacteria to plants and mammals，with highly conserved and low variation between species in the coding regions. We cloned the gene on the mRNA level and genome level and constructed a Phylogeny tree for 27 populations of B. xylophilus and 4 populations of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus. The populations of B. xylophilus is collected from China，USA and Japan. The populations of B. mucronatus is from China. The Phylogeny tree indicates the conservation of HSP12. We carried out RNA interference（RNAi）to investigate the function of HSP12 in B. xylophilus. The functions we study include viability，heat stress resistent ability. We found that，impact of RNAi to the specimen’ s viability is not significant. HSP12 significantly enhances the specimen’s heat stress resistent ability under 45℃.