土地退化直接影响到区域的生态环境和经济社会发展，已成为全球生态领域的热点问题。应对土地退化问题需要了解其原因、影响和程度。需要认识到土壤、植被、气候、土地利用和人类管理因素对土地退化的影响。对中国北方农牧交错带而言，评估土地退化风险有助于防止和扭转土地退化趋势。本研究利用环境敏感区（ESA）方法识别河北坝上地区的土地退化敏感区，选取土壤、植被和管理三个质量指数，包含9个参数，由GIS数据分层输入。结果表明，94.77%的研究区域是环境敏感区，其中一半以上的区域是土地退化中度敏感区，37.46%的区域是高敏感区。管理因素影响最大，平均得分最高，为1.49。土壤、植被和管理都是中等质量。土地利用、植被条件和地形因素都对土地退化有所影响。本研究通过分析研究区土地退化风险情况和影响因素，为该地区土地退化防治、生态保护等方面提供科学依据，推动区域生态文明建设。

Land degradation directly affects the regional ecological environment and economic and social development, and has become a hot issue in the global ecological field. To deal with the problem of land degradation, we need to understand its causes, effects and extent. It is necessary to recognize the influence of soil, vegetation, climate, land use and human management on land degradation. For the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, assessing the risk of land degradation is helpful to prevent and reverse the trend of land degradation. In this study, environmental sensitive area (ESA) method was used to identify the sensitive area of land degradation in Bashang area, Hebei Province. Three quality indexes, including soil, vegetation and management, were selected, including 9 parameters, which were input by GIS data in layers. The results show that 94.77% of the study area is environmentally sensitive, more than half of which are moderately sensitive to land degradation and 37.46% are highly sensitive. Management factors have the greatest influence, with the highest average score of 1.49. Soil, vegetation and management are of medium quality. Land use, vegetation conditions and topographic factors all have an impact on land degradation. By analyzing the risk situation and influencing factors of land degradation in the study area, this study provides scientific basis for land degradation prevention and ecological protection in this area and promotes the construction of regional ecological civilization.