酵母菌处理技术在高硫高浓度有机废水处理方面已获得较好的处理效果，但迄今为止，尚无人研究酵母处理系统中酵母优势地位的控制因子。鉴于酵母优势地位是酵母处理系统存在的前提，本文以较难处理的高硫抗生素废水为对象，重点调查了不同溶解氧（DO=2 mg•L-1、0-0.5 mg•L-1）、pH（pH=7、5.1、4.1）、温度（33℃、15℃）、进水负荷（2-3 COD (m3•d)-1、21 COD (m3•d)-1、9 kg COD (m3•d)-1）水平对抗生素废水生物处理连续小试效果的影响，并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光原位杂交—流式细胞术联用（FISH-FCM）、磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）技术分析了不同操作条件下曝气柱内降解菌群的构成，试图阐明酵母处理系统中保持酵母优势地位的控制因子。结果表明： ⑴ DO水平对酵母处理系统中降解菌群构成和处理效果产生显著影响。在微好氧条件下主要存在的酵母假菌丝经长期好氧处理后会逐渐被真菌丝所替代，PLFA分析证实了好氧和微好氧条件下的种群构成差异。从微好氧阶段过渡至好氧阶段显著提高了CODcr去除率（从36%到73%），降低了出水BOD5值（从11000到2000 mg•L-1），但导致污泥沉降性变差（SVI达到200以上）和较高的剩余污泥体积（1600 mL•d-1，达到微好氧条件下的2倍），同时通气量显著上升（700 L•h-1，是微好氧条件下的4-5倍）；通过降低DO水平（从好氧到微好氧）能够恢复微好氧条件下处理效果和污泥微观状态，表明DO是酵母处理系统稳定运转的关键因子。⑵ 仅仅控制pH条件不能在连续实验中保证酵母菌的优势地位。在不同pH水平下曝气柱内降解菌群均以细菌为优势菌种（细菌比例均达到98%以上），但废水处理效果存在显著不同：在pH=7时CODcr去除率（53%）比pH=5.1（42%）和pH=5.1（45%）时高，出水BOD5依次为1300 mg•L-1、2500 mg•L-1、2900 mg•L-1），脱氢酶活性依次为50000 ugTF•(gMLFF•h) -1、15000 ugTF•(gMLFF•h) -1、15000 ugTF•(gMLFF•h) -1。pH调控对连续实验和批量处理中微生态特征的影响差异显著。⑶ 温度对酵母处理系统中降解菌群构成和处理效果无影响，降解菌群在三种温度条件下均以细菌为优势菌种（均高于90%）。CODcr去除率变化不大（高温、低温、高温三个连续阶段依次为17%、13%、13%），但同时微生物浓度随着温度的降低从1.3 g•L-1降低到0.3 g•L-1, 结果表明温度在酵母菌优势菌种控制方面无明显影响。⑷ 在不同负荷水平下曝气柱内降解菌群的构成发生了很大的变化，当进水容积负荷从2-3 kg COD (m3•d)-1提高21 kg COD (m3•d)-1和9kg COD (m3•d)-1时，降解菌群中酵母菌比例从4%迅速提高到71%、67%，CODcr去除率也由13%提高到48%、30%，可见负荷是影响酵母菌成为优势菌种的重要因素之一。

Antibiotic wastewater is internationally recognized the toxic, refractory and highly concentrated organic wastewater. Currently anaerobic process usually is the pretreatment to deal with such wastewater. However, many antibiotics wastewater contained high concentrations of sulphate, and inhibited anaerobic microbial activity, So it limited the scope of application of anaerobic process. In addition, In the high concentration of organic wastewater treatment areas, treatment of yeast has been widely applied, but there were still too high power consumption, sludge expansion and other issues, this paper attempts to treat the high-sulfur antibiotic wastewater by yeast , take micro-aerobic (DO=0-0.5mg•L-1) operating conditions, and discussion on the effect and microbial community structure of biological treatment of antibiotic wastewater.A lab-scale continuous experiment was designed to investigate the effect of DO、pH、T、load on the biological treatment performance of the high-sulfur antibioticwastewater. The molecular microbiological technologies, including Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH)-Flow Cytometry (FCM),phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) were used in this paper to detect the variation of microbial community in different periods.The following results were obtained from the experiments:⑴DO control affected the composition of the microbial communities, then the performance of sludge and waste-water treatment effects had an impact. Microbes was mainly composed of bacteria and yeast under the conditions of micro-aerobic, and bacteria, yeast, mold in aerobic treatment, PLFA analysis further confirmed that microbial community had big difference in micro-aerobic and aerobic conditions. In addition, the experiment of FISH-FCM failed, and methods needed for further improvement.The CODcr removals of aerobic treatment was two bigger than micro-aerobic treatment, but power consumption and the volume of sludge treatment was much more than micro-aerobic treatment, And sludge settling ability was poor, SVI reached more than 200, had sludge bulking by mold, with the reduction of dissolved oxygen, mold gradually disappear, sludge settling ability became better, therefore DO control can reduce the amount of filamentous bacteria to remove sludge bulking.⑵In batch treatment, the process of pH control process and the proportion of yeast and bacteria has obvious implications. when pH=7, CODcr removals was the highest, microbial activity and concentration was better than the acidic conditions and weak acid conditions, but the experiment in a row, pH regulation and control of micro-ecological impact was not obvious, three pH conditions were still the dominant strain of bacteria, microbes form is only a slight change in size.⑶The CODcr removals of High-temperature phase was slightly higher than the low-temperature stage, MLSS had big changes, after experiencing low temperature even further elevated temperature also can not be restored to its original concentration. In three temperature the dominant strain is still bacteria, the number of yeast in the initial high-temperature stage was slightly higher than the latter two. when influent COD load increased to 10-20 kgCOD(m3•d)-1, scanning electron microscopy and FISH-FCM showed that microbial community in the two load conditions are for the advantage of yeast, Although the majority of bacteria in the beginning, the number of yeast gradually increased in the reaction, yeast ratios were 71%, 67% (when influent COD load was 2-3kgCOD (m3•d) -1 , the yeast ratio was 4%); CODcr removal rates were 48%, 30% (13% of low-load). This showed that Load on the number of yeast in the microbial community played a great impact .