民国时期，为完善劳工教育，国民政府先后颁布多项政策法令。抗日战争结束后，各厂场公司援引政府条令，积极办理劳工教育，并因此成为社会上办理劳工教育的主要机构。1945~1949年，以中国纺织建设公司为代表，上海纺织业所举办的劳工教育取得了一定成就。本文考察了上海纺织业劳工教育的政策沿革、实施状况、举办效果、经验及教训，进一步探究了劳工教育的理论与实践，拓宽、加深对于国民政府以及民国职业教育的研究。本研究共由三部分构成： 第一部分，中国职业教育（实业教育）的兴起与发展。晚清时期，中国的民族危机日益深重，清政府为了巩固政权，决定发展实业，实业教育由此逐渐兴起。清政府制定颁布《钦定学堂章程》和《奏定学堂章程》，勾勒出实业教育的大致轮廓。中华民国成立后，实业教育进一步延伸发展，民国政府乃将实业教育更名为职业教育，陆续颁布了系列相关文件，不断完善包括劳工教育在内的职业教育。 第二部分：抗战后上海劳工教育的发展。抗日战争结束后，物价飞涨，劳工的收入不能与物价相匹配，生活负担较重。因此加强对劳工的技术培训，是帮助他们摆脱困境的有效途径之一。社会上一些有识之士呼吁应积极开展对劳工的职业教育，并提出了若干关于举办劳工教育的建议，其中一些建议被政府采纳予以应用。上海市地方政府结合中央文件精神和当时社会实际情况，调整和细化本地的劳工教育政策。 第三部分：战后上海纺织业的劳工教育实施状况。战后，上海市政府增设市立职业学校，整理私立职业学校，鼓励各厂场公司办理劳工教育学校或劳工教育班。申新纺织公司、上海保丰纱厂、上海诚孚纺织专科学校、上海永安纺织公司等纺织公司积极响应政府的号召，办理职前培训和职后补习教育。其中，中国纺织建设公司凭借自身物质优势，较为完善地开展劳工教育，成为上海纺织业的典型。 1945~1949年，上海纺织业的劳工教育取得了一些成就，但因连年战争，政府无暇顾及对教育的投入，未认真贯彻实施劳工教育，取得的成就较为有限。然彼时所开展的劳工教育，为新中国成立后的职业教育提供了可资借鉴的经验。

In the period of the Republic of China, the Government successively enacted many policies on labor education. From 1945 to 1949,the enterprises of textile industry in Shanghai became the major organization to undertake the labor education issues.They initiatively made these policies into effect and achieved certain gratifying results,especially the China Textile Industries Inc. This research is focused on the official policies,practical effects, the revelations people can benefit from and so on to explore the theories and the practices of labor education during the Republic of China.The contents of this article can be divided into three parts. Part 1:The emergence and development of the industrial education.In the late Qing dynasty,the government began to encourage the industrial development to strengthen the regime.The Qing government and the following governments of the Republic of China formulated numbers of policies to promote the industrial education. Part 2:The evolution of the labor education of Shanghai after the Anti-Japanese War.After the war,labors could not afford the rapidly rising price of commodities.To make the labors accept the professional education is one effective way to improve their conditions.Some scholars put forward some correlated proposals which were selectively adopted by the National Government afterwards.Shanghai issued some local regulations according to the central doctrines and actual situations. Part 3: The practice of labor education of Shanghai textile industry after the Anti-Japanese War.In response to the government’s call,the textile enterprises made certain endeavors to carry the labor education project out.Among those enterprises,the China Textile Industries Inc. had an particularly outstanding performance by its overwhelming material advantages. From 1945 to 1949,the labor education of Shanghai textile industry made few achievements under the unrest domestic circumstances.However,those practical experiences still can guide the appropriate direction for the labor education today.