基于家庭系统理论和个体-环境交互论，构建有调节的中介模型，考察教养行为、儿童气质在父母冲突与儿童问题行为关系中的作用。回收小学低年级儿童(M = 7.97岁)母亲回答的问卷1171份，结果表明：(1)控制儿童年龄、性别、家中孩子数量、家庭社会经济地位后，父母冲突不仅直接正向预测儿童问题行为，还通过减少积极教养行为、增加消极教养行为间接影响儿童问题行为。比较两中介路径，父母冲突显著更多地通过消极教养行为影响儿童问题行为。(2)消极情绪性与消极教养行为乘积项显著预测问题行为，即相较低消极情绪性的儿童，高消极情绪性儿童更容易受到消极教养行为的影响，发展出更多的问题行为。没有发现努力控制的调节作用。(3)调节模式符合素质-压力模型，儿童消极情绪性是一种“脆弱性”因素，而不是“可塑性”因素。

To explore the link between inter-parental conflict and child behavior problems, the present study, based on family system theory and the organism-environment interaction model, examines maternal parenting as potential mediator and child temperament as moderator. Mothers (n = 1171) of primary school students (M = 7.97 years old) answered questionnaires. Results revealed that positive parenting behaviors and negative parenting behaviors partially mediated the association between inter-parental conflict and child behavior problems. The mediating effect of negative parenting behaviors in the relationship between parental conflict and children's behavior problems was stronger than that of positive parenting behaviors, and was moderated by child negative emotionality. No interaction effect was found as regard to effortful control. The moderating effect was in line with the diathesis-stress model, which indicated that child negative emotionality served as a vunerable factor, rather than a susceptible factor, in child development.