政府购买居家养老服务既是中国政府应对日益严峻的养老压力的新型方式，又是转变政府职能，改善公共服务供给的重要举措。北京市政府自2008年以来就开始了政府购买居家养老服务的实践，在满足养老需求，减轻家庭养老压力方面取得了一定的成效，但与此同时，政府行政主导的惯性没有得到根本转变，在政府购买服务的过程中忽视公民参与，公众的利益和诉求难以得到重视和满足，最终会影响政策的成效。因此，本文尝试以“自下而上”的公众视角来考察当前政府购买居家养老服务的成效，并分析公民参与和政策成效之间的关系，指出影响公民参与成效的原因，阐明适度有效的公民参与是提高政策成效的重要方法。 本文在对国内外学者的研究成果进行总结和梳理的基础上，建构了公民参与和政策成效关系理论的分析框架，在不同的政策阶段，公民参与的广度、深度和范围以及参与的主体意愿和组织化程度会对政策成效产生不同的影响，在此基础上，根据决策需求的不同，本文构建出了政策形成阶段、政策实施阶段和政策评估阶段的三种公民参与的有效模式——广泛的集中表达、深度的互动反馈、积极的整体协商。最后，结合北京市政府购买居家养老服务的政策实践，设计出了公民参与和政策成效的测量指标体系，通过东城区三个社区案例的描述与分析，结合建构的分析框架，比较公民参与和政策成效之间的关系，进而探讨影响公民参与政府购买居家养老服务成效的因素。 本文的主要内容包括： 第一部分为第一章导论和第二章理论工具和分析框架，在国内外文献综述和当前政策实践的基础上提出本文的研究问题，探讨公民参与对提高政策成效的重要意义。在此基础上，建构公民参与和政策成效关系理论的分析框架，并设计相关的测量指标体系，使得抽象的理论和概念可操作化，为实证研究的开展奠定基础。 第二部分为第三章和第四章，分别从公民参与程度、参与方式和政策成效三个方面对三个社区政府购买居家养老服务项目的现状进行考察和描述，并对个案中的公民参与情况和取得的政策成效进行比较，探讨公民参与和政策成效之间的关系。 第三部分为第五章，探讨影响公民参与成效的因素，并从政策形成、政策实施、政策评估三个方面来分析影响公民参与政府购买居家养老服务成效的困难与阻碍。 第四部分为第六章，主要是对全文的研究结论和观点进行总结和概括，在此基础上，对参与理论、提高公民参与成效的措施以及本研究的局限和不足进行进一步的思考和讨论。

The government's purchase of home care service is not only a new way for our government to cope with the increasingly severe pension pressure, but also an important measure to transform government functions and improve the supply of public services. Since 2008, the Beijing municipal government has started the practice of the government's purchase of home care services. Although it relieves the pressure of family support to some extent, at the same time, the inertia of government administration has not been fundamentally changed. In the process of government buying services, the citizen participation is ignored and the interests and demands of the public are hard to be valued and satisfied which will ultimately affect the effect of policy. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the current government purchase of home-based care services results from a "public view from top to bottom", and analyze the relationship between the citizen participation and effectiveness of policy, points out the reasons that affect the effectiveness of citizen participation, and clarify the moderate and effective citizen participation is the important method to improve the effectiveness of the policy. Based on the summary and combing of the research results in the domestic and foreign scholars, we put forward theoretical analysis framework of relationship between citizen participation and government policy effectiveness. In different policy stages, the breadth, depth and scope of citizen participation, the willingness to participate and the degree of organization will have different effects on the effectiveness of the policy. On this basis, three kinds of citizen participation in the stage of policy formation, policy implementation and policy evaluation are constructed according to the different decision needs. Three effective modes are extensive and concentrated expression, deep interaction feedback and active overall negotiation. Considering the practice of Chinese government purchase policy in home-based care services, we design the citizen participation degree and the effectiveness of the policy measurement index system and through the description and analysis of three cases of community in Beijing City. Through the description and analysis of the three community cases in Dongcheng District, the relationship between citizen participation and policy effectiveness is compared under the analytical framework we constructed, and then, the factors that influence the effectiveness of citizens' participation in government procurement of home-based care services are explored. The main contents of this paper include: The first part contains the introduction chapter, and the second chapter, the theoretical tools and analysis framework. Based on the literature review and policy practice at home and abroad, we construct an analytical framework for the theory of relations between citizen participation and policy effectiveness, and design relevant measurement index systems to lay the foundation for research. The second part is the third chapter and the fourth chapter, which examines and describes the implementation status of the government purchase in three community home-based care services project from three aspects, participation degree and methods, and policy effectiveness. The summation and comparison of the participation status and policy results are refined to provide support for the investigation of the hypothesis. And we compare the citizen participation and effectiveness of policy in the case to speculate the relationship between them. The third part is the fifth chapter, which Explore the factors that influence citizens’ participation. From the aspects of policy formation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation, we analyze the difficulties and obstacles that affect citizens' participation in government procurement of home-based care services. institutional participation, participation orderliness and effectiveness, we analyze the difficulties and obstacles which influence the participation in the government purchase of home care services. The fourth part is the sixth chapter. It mainly summarizes the research conclusions and viewpoints of the full text. Based on this, we take a further thinking and discussion to derecognize the participation theory and suggestions for improving the effectiveness of participation, and the limitations and deficiencies of this study.