本文的研究对象是现代汉语中使用频率最高也最重要的两个否定副词“不”和“没”。以往在论述二者差别时多从句法分布着眼，重视对句法结构特征的考察。随着功能语言学、认知语法在汉语界的兴起，仅从形式句法来描写汉语显然已经不够，汉语是一个开放的、动态变化的有机系统，引入语义和语用才能更为准确地描述汉语事实。本文将以语义分析为纲，辅之以句法说明，在此基础上阐述“不”和“没”的差别。在语义分析方面，与以往常常从时间性入手解释二者的差别不同，本文主要从主客观和动静态两个方面来论述二者的根本差别并简要分析二者在时间性和界限性上的不同表现。 “不”表示主观否定，反映主体的主观意愿动机、主观判断评价和主观情感心理，也受制于主体的认知方式、认知手段和文化积累；而“没”是客观否定，否定事件的发生、发展、完成和持续，不体现言说者的视角、态度、情感、立场等主观印记。 “不”为静态否定，是对某种属性关系和心理的否定，其内部表现出匀质的特征；“没”为动态否定，是对某种变化的否定，其内部表现为异质的特征。 “不”和“没”体现出时间性和界限性的特征，根据与其搭配的语言成分时间性和界限性的强弱差别，语句也体现出对“不”和“没”的不同选择，其强弱程度与跟“不”的结合度呈反比，与跟“没”的结合度呈正比。在第二语言习得过程中，否定词虽然数目少，但实际运用起来却经常容易混淆。本文将从否定词的语义特征和句法分布两方面出发描述否定词使用过程中的错误表现，简要阐述发生错误的原因，并最后提出自己的教学建议。

The study objects of this paper are mainly two negarative adverbs"bu"and "mei"in medern Chinese，which are the most important and used most frequently.In the past,the study generally focus on their syntactic distribution and the characteristics of syntactic structure.With the rise of function linguistics and cognitive grammar in Chinese,it is not enough to describe Chinese only based on syntax.Chinese is an open and dynamic organic system,the introduction of semantic and pragmatic is helpful to describe the facts of Chinese more accurately. In this paper, semantic analysis as the key link will be supplemented by syntactic description to describe the difference of "bu"and"mei".The semantic analysis in the past often explain the difference based on time, this article will describe the fundamental differences between the two adverbs from two aspects of static、dynamic and subjective、objective.besides this, analyze their different manifestations on boundedness and timeliness. "bu" express subjective negative, reflecting the subjective wishes and motivations, subjective judgments and evaluations, subjective feelings and attitudes, influenced by cognitive style, cognitive means and cultural accumulation."mei" express objective negative, negative the occurrence,development, completion and duration, do not reflect the perspectives, attitudes, feelings and positions of talker. "bu" express static negative, negative relationship and psychological states, show its internal characteristics of homogeneous; "mei" express dynamic negative, negative changes, show its internal characteristics of heterogeneity. "bu" and "mei" reflect the characteristics of boundedness and timeliness. according to different language components linked,the sentence show different options to "bu" and "mei", their degree of strength was the inverse of the degrees of combination with the "bu", and was directly proportional to degrees of the combination with the "mei". In second language acquisition process, although a small number of negative words, but in practical application it is often easy to confuse them. based on the semantic features and syntax distributions of the two negative words, this paper describes the process of error performance, summarize the reasons for an error, and put forward the final teaching proposal.