黄河流域是我国重要的粮食主产区和能源基地，近年来，由于自然因素和人类活动的影响，黄河流域面临资源短缺、环境恶化和经济增速缓慢等问题。水资源、能源和粮食是国家重要的战略资源，对黄河流域的安全稳定和可持续发展有着重要意义，三者之间存在互馈关系，且与经济发展、生态环境具有双向互动关系。研究该地区的资源-经济-生态系统的协同安全水平和耦合协调性对于实现黄河流域高质量发展具有十分重要的现实意义。本研究基于综合指数法、夜间灯光指数和生态遥感指数构建资源-经济-生态系统安全评价体系，对2002-2022年黄河流域9省份的系统安全性进行评价；建立资源-经济-生态耦合协调分析框架，利用耦合协调模型对协调发展水平进行测算；利用地理探测器中的分异及因子探测分析耦合协调度的主要驱动力，并结合交互探测分析不同主导因子之间的交互作用。主要结论如下：

（1）通过构建资源-经济-生态安全评价指标体系，发现2002-2020年黄河流域资源系统的安全水平在0.42-0.58之间波动，水资源和粮食子系统低于资源系统的均值，能源子系统高于资源系统的均值；甘肃、宁夏、山西等能源富集区省份能源子系统的安全性较高，河南、山东在2006年之后农业子系统安全性较高，但绝大多数省份的水资源安全性较差。山东和河南的夜间灯光指数分别以为均值9.57和6.31位居首列，表明较高的经济系统安全性。青海和宁夏的增长率显著，分别为478.63%和356.90%，表明在研究时段内经济安全性大幅提高；流域生态安全仍有较大的提升空间，呈现上升-下降-再上升的变化趋势。

（2）利用耦合协调度模型衡量黄河流域资源-经济-生态协调发展水平，经计算，2002-2022年的耦合协调度不断提高，其中2002-2006年、2014-2018的增长率最为显著；上游省份集中在0.63-0.86之间，下游省份集中在0.2-0.61之间，同时表现出较大的空间差异性；2022年，除青海省外，其余省份都达到了不同程度的协调发展，其中山东、河南达到优质发展协调发展，耦合协调度分别为0.861和0.823，表明黄河流域资源-经济-生态系统的协同管理水平日益提高。

（3）通过对主导因子变化的梳理，影响耦合协调发展的不稳定因素由水资源总量和水资源使用结构逐渐转变为水资源配置和水资源高效利用情况，夜间灯光指数和生态遥感指数的解释力逐年增加，也表明经济发展与生态环境逐渐加大了资源无序利用的限制力度。通过梳理研究期内政策情况，发现主导因子的变化趋势和政策导向高度相关，耦合协调度影响因素的解释力日趋均衡，影响因子的构成也日趋多元化。通过交叉因子分析，得出主导因子间基本存在双因子增强的关系。

The Yellow River Basin is an important grain-producing area and energy base in China. In recent years, the area has faced challenges such as resource shortage, environmental degradation, and sluggish economic progress due to natural changes and human activities. Water, energy, and food are important strategic resources of the country, holding significant implications for the security, stability, and sustainable advancement of the Yellow River Basin. A complex interrelation exists among these resources, economic development, and ecological well-being, highlighting the need to explore the coordinated security level and coupling coordination of the resource-economy-ecosystem in the region to foster high-quality development. Based on the comprehensive index method, nighttime light index and ecological remote sensing index, this study constructed a resource-economic-ecology system safety evaluation system to evaluate the system safety of 9 provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2022. By establishing a framework for analyzing resource-economy-ecology coupling coordination, utilizing a coupling coordination model to assess the level of coordination, and conducting differentiation and factor detections through Geodetector analysis to identify main driving forces, this study seeks to shed light on the interaction among dominant factors. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) By constructing the resource-economy-ecological security evaluation index system, the security level of the resource system in the Yellow River Basin was found to oscillate between 0.42 and 0.58 from 2002 to 2020. The security of water resources and food subsystems lingered below the system’s average, whereas the energy subsystem consistently exceeded this average. The security of water resources and food subsystems lingered below the system’s average, whereas the energy subsystem consistently exceeded this average. Regions abundant in energy resources, such as Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi, exhibited higher security levels in their energy subsystems. Henan and Shandong have higher security of food subsystems after 2006. However, most provinces faced significant challenges in securing adequate water resources. The nighttime light index indices for Shandong and Henan, leading with averages of 9.57 and 6.31 respectively, reflected superior economic system security. Qinghai and Ningxia recorded substantial growth rates of 478.63% and 356.90%, illustrating notable improvements in economic security throughout the study duration. There is still much room for improvement in the ecological security of the basin, showing a trend of rising-falling-rising again.
(2) The coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the coordinated development level of resources-economy-ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin. It is calculated that the coupling coordination degree from 2002 to 2022 will continue to increase, among which the growth rates from 2002 to 2006 and 2014 to 2018 are the most significant. The upstream provinces are concentrated between 0.63-0.86, and the downstream provinces are concentrated between 0.2-0.61, showing a large spatial difference. In 2022, all provinces, except Qinghai, demonstrated varying extents of coordinated development. Notably, Shandong and Henan achieved high-quality coordinated development, boasting coupling coordination degrees of 0.861 and 0.823. These results signify an incremental improvement in the level of collaborative management within the Yellow River Basin’s resource-economy- ecosystem.
(3) By sorting out the changes of dominant factors, the unstable factors affecting the coupling coordination development have gradually changed from the total amount of water resources and the structure of water resources to the allocation of water resources and the efficient use of water resources. The explanatory power of the nighttime light index and ecological remote sensing index has increased year by year, which also shows that economic development and ecological environment have gradually increased the restrictions on the disorderly use of resources. By combing the policy situation during the research period, it is found that the changing trend of the dominant factor is highly correlated with the policy orientation, the explanatory power of the influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree is becoming more and more balanced, and the composition of the influencing factors is becoming more and more diversified. Through cross-factor analysis, it is concluded that there is a two-factor enhancement relationship between the dominant factors.