近年来随着交通日益发达，汽车保有量逐年上升，驾驶安全问题也一直都是人们热议的话题。在驾驶过程中，受到人-机-环境三方面的共同影响，驾驶安全也受到挑战。在人方面，驾驶员需要在驾驶过程中时刻保持时间和空间知觉，这对于驾驶行为和决策而言至关重要。结合感觉通道理和多重资源理论，单一通道容量有限，除常用的视听通道外，触觉的应用机会应运而生，触觉的应用包括压力和振动，而振动更适合运用于驾驶场景。在机方面，振动参数和媒介各有优劣，包括干扰性、舒适性、持续性。而振动座椅在最关键的持续性方面表现最佳。在车内情境方面，导航情境下用户需要持续关注周围状况，导航任务存在多种资源竞争的任务，包含对方向和距离信息的传递。而现有研究对距离信息的研究较少，且距离信息的传递与时间和空间知觉密切相关。与此同时，周围环境对驾驶行为的影响不可忽视，驾驶行为会随着驾驶场景的变化而变化。其中交通密度与时间、空间占有率有关，占有率越大，交通密度越大，驾驶行为越容易受到影响。

本文根据研究重点，通过三个部分进行研究。预调研部分，主要采用访谈法，围绕驾驶员对现有导航驾驶体验进行探究，结果表明，驾驶员对现有导航提供的距离信息体验较差，在实际驾驶过程中存在一定的体验问题仍待优化。预实验部分，采用实验法，围绕振动参数和媒介的设定进行探究。结果表明，振动单元的适宜频率为127Hz，每组振动三次。并设置两种振动模式传递距离信息，一是每组振动之间的时间间隔不变，二是时间间隔递减。正式实验部分，结合预调研和预实验的结果，采用混合实验设计和访谈法对导航场景中振动的应用方式进行探究。研究表明：振动模式与控制组相比，转弯质量更高，能够更加有效的帮助驾驶员决策；振动模式二与其他两组相比，转弯质量更高，用户也认为振动模式二更舒适，能更好的感知距离；交通密度越大，碰撞可能性越大，影响驾驶安全；振动模式和交通密度在速度变化率、换道速度、换道时长三个维度上存在交互作用。

综上所述，结合用户访谈的结果对导航系统中的信息提示模块提出了一些应用建议：对于特殊人群，振动能够弥补视觉和听觉的不足，并且针对某些特殊场景，振动能够有效辅助提醒驾驶员各种危险信息的产生，保障驾驶员的驾驶安全；振动导航模式的个性化设置；振动模式学习成本优化等。

In recent years, with the increasing development of traffic, the number of cars has increased year by year, and the issue of driving safety has always been a topic of heated discussion. In the process of driving, driving safety is also challenged by the joint influence of human-machine-environment. On the human side, drivers need to keep time and space awareness during driving, which is essential for driving behavior and decision-making. Combining sensory channel theory and multiple resource theory, the capacity of a single channel is limited. In addition to the commonly used audio-visual channels, tactile application opportunities arise at the historic moment. Tactile applications include pressure and vibration, and vibration is more suitable for driving scenarios. On the machine side, vibration parameters and media have their own advantages and disadvantages, including intrusive, comfort, and sustainability. The vibrating seat performed best in the most critical sustainability aspect. On the environment side, in terms of the in-car context, users need to continue to pay attention to the surrounding conditions in the navigation context. There are multiple resource competition tasks in the navigation task, including the transmission of direction and distance information. However, there are few researches on distance information in the existing research, and the transmission of distance information is closely related to the perception of time and space. At the same time, the influence of the surrounding environment on driving behavior cannot be ignored, and driving behavior will change with changes in driving scenes. The traffic density is related to the time and space occupancy rate. The greater the occupancy rate, the greater the traffic density, and the more susceptible driving behavior is.

According to the research focus, this article conducts research through three parts. The pre-investigation part mainly adopts the interview method to explore the existing navigation driving experience around the driver. The results show that the driver has a poor experience of the distance information provided by the existing navigation, and there are certain experience problems in the actual driving process. optimization. In the pre-experiment part, experimental methods are used to explore around vibration pattern. The results show that the appropriate frequency of the vibration unit is 127 Hz, and each group vibrates three times. And set up two vibration patterns to transmit distance information: one is that the time interval between each group of vibrations remains unchanged, and the other is that the time interval decreases. In the formal experiment part, combined with the results of pre-investigation and pre-experiment, the experiment use a hybrid experimental design and interview method to explore the application of vibration in the navigation scene. The research shows: Compared with the control group, the vibration pattern has higher turning quality, which can help the driver to make decisions more effectively; Compared with the other two groups, the second vibration pattern has higher turning quality, and users also think that it is more comfortable and can better perceive distance; The greater the traffic density, the greater the possibility of collision, which affects driving safety; The vibration pattern and traffic density are affected by the speed change rate, lane change speed, and lane change time. There are interactions in the three dimensions.

In summary, combined with the results of user interviews, some application suggestions are put forward for the information prompt module in the navigation system: For special people, vibration can make up for the lack of vision and hearing. For some special scenes, vibration can effectively assist reminding the driver of the generation of various dangerous information to ensure the driver's driving safety; personalized setting of vibration navigation pattern; optimization of vibration pattern learning cost and etc.