非物质文化遗产是一个国家和民族历史文化成就的重要标志。2006年，“梅州客家山歌”成功入选第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，迄今为止，是梅州非物质文化遗产保护工作取得显著成效的个案。2023年1月，客家文化（梅州）生态保护区通过国家验收，正式从实验区迈向保护区，成为广东首个国家级文化生态保护区。在区域性整体保护理念的指导下，由政府主导，调动各类社会主体参与到对梅州客家山歌的保护之中，使其得以传承并实现适应群众现代生活的新发展，但目前对梅州客家山歌的传承保护仍存在一些亟需解决的问题。

本文以非物质文化遗产保护理论与文化生态理论为指导，通过文献研究、田野调查与个案分析，对梅州客家山歌的传承价值、客家文化（梅州）生态保护区建设情况以及梅州客家山歌传承保护现状进行调查研究，指出目前仍面临着政府主导作用发挥有限、传承人才与受众断层、客家方言生存空间萎缩的传承保护困境，并基于文化生态保护区的整体性保护原则提出相关建议。

在当前客家文化生态保护区建设迈入新阶段的大局出发制定保护对策，坚持整体性、系统系与民众主体性原则，通过实施贯通非物质文化遗产、文化形态与文化生态三层面的整体性保护举措：坚持政府主导，加强社会参与，加强政府、传承人和社会力量在非遗保护中的合作，缓和保护区建设与区域经济发展之间的矛盾；营造适宜客家山歌发展的人文和生态环境，增强传承主体的文化认同，激发人们的文化自觉，能够有意识地担当起对于优秀客家文化传承与保护、创新与发展的责任；重视客家方言传承保护；开放共享，探索保护区域内各文化要素融合发展以及主动将客家文化生态保护区建设融入到国家与区域发展战略，吸引外部资源助力保护区内工作开展；加大传承人才培养力度，积极推动传承保护单位与高校、研究机构合作，完善客家山歌传承活动所需的基础配套设施，为山歌传承工作提供理论、物质等多方面保障；守正创新，挖掘客家山歌的丰厚价值，在尊重其乡土性与民间性的前提下推动客家山歌创造性转化和创新性发展，激发客家山歌发展的生命力等建议，以期为文化生态保护区建设中传统音乐类非物质文化遗产保护理论的构建，提供个案基础。

The intangible cultural heritage is an important symbol of the historical and cultural achievements of a country and a nation. In January 2023, the Hakka Culture (Meizhou) Ecological Reserve passed national acceptance, officially moving from an experimental area to a protected area and becoming the first national cultural and ecological reserve in Guangdong. Under the guidance of the concept of regional holistic conservation, the government has taken the lead in mobilizing various social actors to participate in the conservation of the Hakka mountain songs in Meizhou, but there are still some urgent problems that need to be solved in the inheritance and protection of the Hakka mountain songs in Meizhou.

This paper, guided by the theory of intangible cultural heritage and cultural ecology theory, investigates the inheritance value of Meizhou Hakka Songs, the construction of the ecological reserve of Hakka culture (Meizhou) and the current situation of the inheritance and protection of Meizhou Hakka Songs through literature research, field survey and case study analysis. The study points out that the current situation of inheritance and conservation is still faced with the difficulties of limited government leadership, a gap between inheritance talents and audiences, and shrinking space for cultural survival; It is recommended that the training of heritage talents be strengthened, and that cooperation between heritage protection units and universities and research institutions be actively promoted, so as to provide theoretical and material protection for the heritage work of the mountain songs; and that openness and sharing be explored, so as to explore the integration and development of various cultural elements within the protection area and attract external resources to help carry out the work within the protection area. It is hoped that this will provide a case base to promote the construction of a theory for the protection of intangible cultural heritage of traditional music in the construction of cultural and ecological reserves.