金刚石氮空位中心（NV色心）是一种性能优越的量子系统，其优势主要体现在：有稳定的能级结构，有较长的相干时间，易于实现量子态的操纵等。本文第一部分描述了NV色心的能级结构和光学性质，并从实验角度总结了对NV色心电子自旋的调控步骤，包括用532 nm激光对电子自旋进行极化和读出，以及用微波对其量子态进行操控等。在第二部分，作者从系统哈密顿量出发理论推导在微波作用下NV色心电子自旋的拉比振荡，接着分析了实验中拉比振荡信号衰减的原因。在第三部分，作者首先分析了普遍存在于块状金刚石和纳米金刚石NV色心中的退相干机制，其次专注于纳米金刚石中的NV色心，将NV色心基态自旋三重态作为一个整体研究，解释了表面电场对纳米金刚石中NV色心退相干过程的重要影响，对延长NV色心相干时间有指导意义。

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond (NV center) is an excellent quantum system with several advantages: it has stable energy level structures and long coherence time, and it is easy to manipulate its quantum states, etc. The first part of this paper summarizes the energy level structures and optical properties of NV center, then summarizes the experimental techniques to control NV center electron spin, including using 532 nm laser to achieve spin polarization and readout, and using microwave to manipulate its quantum state. In the second part, from the Hamiltonian of NV center, the author deduces Rabi oscillation of NV center electron spin under the influence of microwave field. Then he analyzes why Rabbi oscillation signal decays in practice. In the third part, the author first analyzes the decoherence mechanism commonly found in NV centers of bulk diamond and nanodiamond. Then the author focuses on NV centers in nanodiamond. Taking the triplet of the NV center’s ground state as a qutrit, we can explain the effect of surface electric field on the decoherence process of NV centers in nanodiamond, which has an important significance for extending the coherence time of NV center electron spin in nanodiamond.