稀土铁氧体RFeO3为钙钛矿晶体结构的氧化物，由于自旋、轨道、电荷和晶格等多个自由度的耦合，是多维度调控的理想材料，在自旋电子学中应用前景广阔。特别地，由于Fe3+和R3+之间的交换相互作用使得RFeO3存在多种磁相互作用，诱导丰富的磁学性质。通过外部条件（温度、磁场和光等）的调控，RFeO3表现出新颖奇特的磁电、光磁性质和多种磁相变行为，成为材料物理和凝聚态物理的热点之一。本文从基础物理学出发，介绍稀土铁氧体的晶体结构和磁性来源，针对于RFeO3的特殊磁电性质进行介绍；以RFeO3家族中最具代表性的SmFeO3为例，详细介绍了SmFeO3的磁补偿、磁化跃迁和自旋重取向相变三种奇特磁行为的相关研究进展；最后，基于SmFeO3的特殊优异磁电性质，比如近室温的自旋翻转温度Tssw、RFeO3家族中最高的自旋重取向温度TSR等，展望了其潜在的应用方向以及目前有望突破的应用领域。

Rare earth ferrite RFeO3 is an oxide with perovskite crystal structure. Due to the coupling of multiple degrees of freedom such as spin, orbit, charge and lattice, it is an ideal material for multi-dimensional regulation and has broad application prospects in spintronics. In particular, due to the exchange interaction between Fe3+ and R3+, RFeO3 has a variety of magnetic interactions, inducing rich magnetic properties. Through the regulation of external conditions ( temperature, magnetic field and light, etc. ), RFeO3 exhibits novel and peculiar magnetoelectric, optical and magnetic properties and various magnetic phase transition behaviors, which has become one of the hot spots in material physics and condensed matter physics. Starting from basic physics, this paper introduces the crystal structure and magnetic source of rare earth ferrite, and introduces the special magnetoelectric properties of RFeO3. Taking the most representative SmFeO3 in the RFeO3 family as an example, the research progress of magnetic compensation, magnetization transition and spin reorientation phase transition of SmFeO3 is introduced in detail. Finally, based on the special excellent magnetoelectric properties of SmFeO3, such as the spin switching temperature Tssw at near room temperature and the highest spin reorientation temperature TSR in the RFeO3 family, the potential application direction and the application field expected to break through are prospected.