摘要：
马克思将人类社会历史发展的基础植根于物质生产过程，即生产方式的真实差异之中。作为马克思的首创，生产方式提出与历史唯物主义确立是“同步”的。生产方式“出场”是从马克思“遇到要对所谓物质利益发表意见的难题”开始，解析社会结构后引入生产方式矛盾分析的方法，从哲学、政治学的抽象批判到对直接经验事实的解释与改造，马克思经历了从唯心主义转向人本学唯物主义，再从人本学唯物主义上升为历史唯物主义的理论过程。马克思站在科学的视角一方面以特定形式下的生产为支点，揭示了现代性社会的内在张力，另一方面则将矛头指向作为现代性社会之理论镜像的德国古典哲学与古典政治经济学，将后者指认为资产阶级意识形态的同谋。
作为历史唯物主义理论的核心概念，“生产方式”所包含的重要理论意蕴有助于深刻接合历史唯物主义的诸范畴，深化关于历史唯物主义重大内涵的理解。从具体的“生产方式”范畴出发理解“生产”等历史唯物主义概念，有助于还原历史唯物主义的真实内涵，厘清马克思“两个伟大发现”之间深层关系，回应当代西方思潮对马克思历史唯物主义及其重要概念的质疑，明确历史唯物主义对新时代中国特色社会主义伟大实践的重大理论意义。当今资本主义社会在资本构成、劳资关系、意识形态方面都发生诸多变化，但基本矛盾没有质的改变，马克思创设生产方式分析框架仍然是剖析社会经济结构、揭示世界形势“隐蔽的基础”的关键，是认识社会、改造世界的重要方法和科学指南。

Abstract：
Marx rooted the basis of the historical development of human society in the process of material production, that is, the real differences in production methods.As the first creation of Marx,the proposal of production mode is synchronous with the establishment of historical materialism.The "appearance" of the mode of production started from Marx's "difficult problem of expressing opinions on the so-called material interests", and then introduced the contradiction analysis of the mode of production in the analysis of social structure, that is, the contradiction between productivity and production relations. It realized the abstract criticism from philosophy and Politics to the interpretation and transformation of direct experience facts, and then found a new social form beyond capitalism State.During this period, Marx's theoretical methods changed from idealism to humanistic materialism, and then from humanistic materialism to historical materialism, finally laying a mature and scientific theoretical form of Marxism.From a scientific perspective, Marx, on the one hand, took production in a specific form as the fulcrum to reveal the internal tension of modern society, on the other hand, pointed the spearhead at German classical philosophy and classical political economy, which are the theoretical mirror images of modern society, and pointed the latter at the complicity of bourgeois ideology.
As the core concept of the theory of historical materialism, the important theoretical implication contained in the "mode of production" helps to deeply integrate the categories of historical materialism and deepen the understanding of the major connotation of historical materialism.Starting from the specific category of "mode of production", understanding the concepts of historical materialism such as "production" will help to restore the true connotation of historical materialism, clarify the deep relationship between Marx's "two great discoveries", respond to the queries of Contemporary Western Thoughts on Marx's historical materialism and its important concepts, and clarify the great theoretical significance of historical materialism to the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.In today's capitalist society, many changes have taken place in capital composition, labor relations, ideology, etc., but the inherent contradictions of the mode of production have not changed qualitatively. The analytical framework of production mode created by Marx is still the key to analyze the social and economic structure and reveal the "hidden foundation" of the world situation. It is still an important method and subject to understand society and transform the world Learning guide.