当前，我国的新型城镇化发展进入提质转型的新阶段，充分满足人民群众对美好生活的期待，是深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略的目标。城市群是新型城镇化的主体形态，长三角城市群以其雄厚的经济基础吸引大量人口流入，由此引发了城市群内公共服务资源配置的重要议题。在人口快速流动的背景下，如何解决子女的教育问题成为流动家庭关注的焦点，“留守”还是“随迁”成为流动家庭不得不面对的选择，而流入地政府针对随迁子女设置的入学门槛则是关键的考量因素。

本研究聚焦我国的长三角城市群，探究城市群内流动人口随迁子女义务教育入学的政策制定和入学门槛对于随迁决策的影响，进而探讨人口流动背景下义务教育资源在城市群内进行合理空间配置的路径优化策略。在学术价值上，本研究将厘清长三角城市群内流动人口的空间分布格局、呈现城市群内与流动人口相关的基本事实，为流动人口随迁子女的教育问题分析提供了真切的现实场景，对城市群内政府教育扩容、突破行政边界进行资源配置等政策制定提供实证证据；在现实意义上，本研究契合我国对于城镇化空间布局的宏观规划，力求为更好地在城市群内优化教育资源空间配置提供政策方向和发展建议。

针对已有研究在城市群视角下的人口流动变化趋势研究较为匮乏、流动人口随迁子女入学政策研究对人口规模较小的城市关注不足、影响因素分析较少涉及入学门槛这一关键变量、从空间政治经济学视角切入的研究不多等问题，本研究通过对长三角城市群各城市入学政策的分析，构建入学门槛指标体系，提炼出“高入学门槛城市”的关键变量，并与2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查的数据进行匹配，探究入学门槛对于子女随迁决策的影响及其异质性效应。

研究结果表明，长三角城市群各城市以材料准入制和积分入学制两种模式对随迁子女设置入学门槛；入学门槛对子女随迁决策呈现负向影响，高入学门槛比低入学门槛城市的流动人口子女随迁几率低45%；入学门槛对不同受教育程度、就业身份和户籍性质的流动人口不存在异质性影响，但与收入水平的交互项影响显著，入学门槛对随迁决策的负效应对低收入群体的影响更大。

面对长三角城市群人口快速流动的趋势，为提升义务教育资源配置效率，应从观念、技术和制度三方面进行改变或调整。应树立城市群“一盘棋”的思想，推动城市群“抱团式”发展，解决好城市“不能”承载和“不愿”承载流动人口随迁子女教育的社会问题。具体而言，各城市应以常住人口为基数，科学规划教育资源；关注城市内部人口居住的空间分布，将优质教育资源的供给规划向流动人口集聚的郊区和新城等地延伸，通过科学的提质扩容突破城市教育资源承载的瓶颈。打破城市群行政边界，深化户籍制度改革和教育资源自由流动。进一步弱化户籍身份在优质教育资源分配的决定性作用；推进城市群内积分互认，减轻流动人口落户压力；提高资源配置的统筹层级，建立起跨越省际的城市群协调机制，推动土地、人员、经费资源在城市群内的自由流动。

At present, China’s new urbanization development has entered a new stage of quality improvement and transformation. Fully meeting people’s expectations for a better life is the goal of deepening the people-oriented new urbanization strategy. Urban agglomeration is the main form of new urbanization. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration attracts a large number of people with its strong economic foundation, which causes an important issue of public service resource allocation in urban agglomeration. In the context of rapid population flow, how to solve the problem of children’s education has become the focus of migrant families. “left-behind” or “migrant” has become the choice that migrant families have to face, and the enrollment threshold of school set by the government of the destination is the key factor to consider.

This study focuses on the Urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta in China, explores the policy formulation of compulsory education enrollment for children of migrant population in urban agglomeration and the impact of enrollment threshold on the decision of migration, and then discusses the path optimization strategy of rational spatial allocation of compulsory education resources in urban agglomeration under the background of population migration. On the academic value, this research will clarify within the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration spatial distribution pattern of the migrant population, present the basic facts related to the migrant population in urban agglomerations, trailing for migrant population children education problem scenario analysis provides the actual reality, within the urban agglomerations government education expansion, break through the administrative boundary of policy to provide empirical evidence, such as the allocation of resources. In a practical sense, this study conforms to China’s macro planning of urbanization spatial layout, and tries to provide policy directions and development suggestions for better optimizing the spatial allocation of education resources in urban agglomerations.

In view of the lack of existing studies on the changing trend of population flow from the perspective of urban agglomeration, insufficient attention is paid to the study of enrollment policy for children of migrant population in cities with small population, the analysis of influencing factors rarely involves the key variable of enrollment threshold, and there are few studies from the perspective of spatial political economy. This study through the analysis of the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration from city to city admission policy, building enrollment threshold indicator system, extracting “high enrollment threshold city” of the key variables, and compared with the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data matching and explore the impact of the enrollment threshold for children migranting decision-making and heterogeneity effect.

The results show that the cities in the Yangtze River Delta set the enrollment threshold for the children of accompanying migrants in two modes: material admission system and integral admission system. Enrollment threshold has a negative impact on the decision of children’s accompanying migration. The probability of children’s accompanying migration in cities with high enrollment threshold is 45% lower than that in cities with low enrollment threshold. There is no heterogeneity effect of entrance threshold on the migrant population with different education levels, employment status and household registration, but the interaction term with income level has a significant impact, and the negative effect of enrollment threshold on the decision of children’s accompanying migration has a greater impact on the low-income group.

Faced with the trend of rapid population flow in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, in order to improve the allocation efficiency of compulsory education resources, we should change or adjust the concept, technology and system. The holistic thinking should be set up to promote the development of urban agglomerations, and solve the social problems that cities are “unable” or “unwilling” to carry the education of children of migrant population. To be specific, each city should plan educational resources scientifically based on permanent resident population. We should pay attention to the spatial distribution of population living in cities, extend the supply planning of high-quality education resources to suburbs and new towns where migrant population gather, and break the bottleneck of carrying urban education resources through scientific quality improvement and expansion. We will break administrative boundaries in urban agglomeration, deepen reform of the household registration system and free flow of education resources. Further weaken the decisive role of household registration in the allocation of quality education resources. We will promote mutual recognition of points within urban agglomeration to reduce the pressure on migrants to settle down in cities. We should raise the level of overall planning for resource allocation, establish a coordination mechanism for urban agglomeration across provinces, and promote the free flow of land, personnel, and financial resources within urban agglomeration.