伴随着西方中心到世界多中心的转变及各种不确定因素的交互叠加，近一段时期，国际和国内各种类型的恐怖活动呈现多发频发之势。鉴于恐怖活动的隐蔽性和目标选取的随机性特征，单独依靠政府力量难以在根本上遏制恐怖主义的威胁，组织社会公众全面参与是提高反恐有效性的必然选项。B市X区作为国际大都市的中心区，所面临的恐怖主义风险呈现日渐繁复之势，系统分析和研究改进当地公众参与反恐模式的运行状况，对于我国基层反恐部门如何有效组织公众参与反恐具有一定的启示作用。
本文从危机管理4R理论和公众参与阶梯理论出发，认为公众参与反恐过程历经缩减、预备、反应、恢复四个阶段，参与类型评价结果可划分为告知型、咨询型、合作型三种标准。结合B市X区反恐工作实际和公众参与现状，构建当地反恐公众参与模式的结构，并以主体、动因、信息三种影响公众参与的内在要素作为分析维度，探究当地反恐工作缩减、预备、反应、恢复四个阶段的公众参与类型。
研究发现，B市X区公众参与反恐的整体水平不容乐观，其中缩减、预备和恢复阶段的公众参与程度对应公众参与阶梯理论的告知型或咨询型标准，处于象征参与层次。参照此结果，本文从主导力量、内在驱动、沟通互动层面总结当地反恐公众参与模式存在的问题，分别为过度依赖政府部门、政府和公众动机冲突、信息交流存在障碍，背后原因可概括为观念障碍、能力不足、宣教失当、制度漏洞，具体而言：受传统反恐模式的影响，政府不重视公众参与反恐的主体地位和社会价值；公众自身识恐、防恐意识能力薄弱，制约了主体作用的发挥；宣教设计存在缺陷，不能起到融合政府意图和公众参与动机的效果；配套制度无法充分保障公众的参与权益，增添了公众参与反恐过程中的障碍。针对上述问题及原因，本文从夯实合作反恐理念、改进反恐宣教策略、加强参与机制建设方面入手，提出具体的优化对策，力图推动B市X区反恐公众参与层次由象征参与向实质参与方向递进。同时，为我国基层反恐部门践行新时代反恐工作“专门工作与群众路线相结合”的原则要求提供一定的参考意见。

With the transition from a Western center to a multi center world and the interaction and superposition of various uncertain factors, various types of terrorist activities both internationally and domestically have shown a trend of frequent occurrence in recent times. Given the concealment of terrorist activities and the randomness of target selection, relying solely on government power is difficult to fundamentally curb the threat of terrorism. Organizing comprehensive public participation is an inevitable option to improve the effectiveness of counter-terrorism. As the central area of an international metropolis, X district in B city is facing increasingly complex terrorism risks. Systematic analysis and research on improving the operation of local public participation in counter-terrorism models have certain enlightening effects on how grassroots counter-terrorism departments in China can effectively organize public participation in counter-terrorism.
Starting from the crisis management 4R theory and the public participation ladder theory, this article believes that the process of public participation in counter-terrorism goes through four stages: reduction, preparation, response, and recovery. The evaluation results of participation types can be divided into three standards: informative, consultative, and cooperative. Based on the actual anti-terrorism work in X district of B city and the current situation of public participation, a structure of the local anti-terrorism public participation model is constructed, and the internal factors that affect public participation, including subject, motivation, and information, are analyzed as dimensions to explore the types of public participation in the four stages of local anti-terrorism work reduction, preparation, response, and recovery.
Research has found that the overall level of public participation in counter-terrorism in X district of B city is not optimistic. The level of public participation in the reduction, preparation, and recovery stages corresponds to the disclosure or consultation standards of the public participation ladder theory, which is at the symbolic level of participation. Based on this result, this article summarizes the problems of local anti-terrorism public participation models from the perspectives of dominant forces, internal driving forces, and communication and interaction. These include excessive reliance on government departments, conflicts between government and public motivations, and obstacles to information exchange. The underlying reasons can be summarized as conceptual barriers, insufficient abilities, inappropriate education, and institutional loopholes. Specifically, due to the influence of traditional anti-terrorism models, the government does not attach importance to the subject status and social value of public participation in anti-terrorism; The weak ability of the public to recognize and prevent terrorism has constrained the role of the main body; There are deficiencies in the design of propaganda and education, which cannot effectively integrate government intentions and public participation motivations; The supporting system cannot fully guarantee the participation rights of the public, adding obstacles to their participation in the anti-terrorism process. In response to the above issues and reasons, this article starts with consolidating the concept of cooperation in counter-terrorism, improving counter-terrorism education strategies, and strengthening the construction of participation mechanisms. Specific optimization measures are proposed to promote the level of public participation in counter-terrorism in X district of B city from symbolic participation to substantive participation. At the same time, provide certain reference opinions for China's grassroots anti-terrorism departments to practice the principle of combining specialized work with the mass line in the new era of anti-terrorism work.