《史记》选文在中学语文教材中的地位非常重要。从我国语文教育独立设科之后的第一套以“国文”命名的《中学国文教科书》至现在的人教版、苏教版、语文版、北师大版等高中语文教材，基本上都选编了《史记》中的文章。不同时期选录《史记》的篇目和篇数不尽相同，反映了当时教材编写标准的变化。《史记》中的《项羽本纪》是入选教材次数最多的文章，其高超的写人技巧和叙事技巧对于提高学生的古文阅读能力以及写作能力有很大的帮助。在不同版本的教材中，《项羽本纪》的助读部分和练习部分的编写情况也不相同，反映了不同的编者对文本教学目标和教学重难点等存在着不同的解读，同时也折射出不同时代教育方针和教育理念的不同。 本文主要分析了20世纪至今中学语文教材中《史记》的选录情况，其中共选取了16套中学语文教材作为研究样本，对《史记》在这些教材中的选录情况进行统计，并分析这些数据背后所反映出来的教材编写理念。此外，还分析了建国前、建国初、建国五十年后三个时期中学语文教材中《项羽本纪》的编写情况。其中共选取七套教材作为研究样本，对《项羽本纪》在这些教材中的助读系统、练习系统的编写情况进行研究，并分析其背后所折射出来的教育现象和教育理念。最后对《史记》在中学语文教材中的选文系统、助读系统、练习系统的编写情况做一个总体的评述，并对今后《史记》在中学语文教材中的选编提出一些建议。

The selected texts of Historical Records have an important role in textbook for high schools. From Chinese Textbook For Secondary School to PEP, textbook of Jiangsu, textbook of Chinese, textbook of Beijing Normal University,has selected the texts of Historical Records basically. In different period ,the contents and the number of selected texts of Historical Records is different ,has reflected the changes in the concept of teaching materials. “Xiang Yu Ji" is the largest number of materials selected articles, which superb writing people skills and writing narrative techniques has great help in improving students' reading skills and writing skills . In different versions of the textbook, the exercise systems and guidance systems of Historical Records is differfent, which not only reflect different text editors having different interpretations on teaching objectives and important and difficult points of teaching.but also reflect the changes of education policy and educational philosophy at different times. This article analyzes the selected texts of Historical Records from the 20 century to the present ,selects 16 sets of high school textbooks as samples, Statistics the selected situation , analyze the concept of education status and teaching materials of these data. In addition, Analyze the selected situation of Xiang Yu Ji in before the Founding, the early days of founding, 50 years after the founding. This article selects seven sets of textbook as samples, researches the exercise systems and the operating system of Xiang Yu Ji, analyzes educational philosophy. Finally,we do a general commentary in the selected text system, practice systems, operating systems of the selected texts of Historical Records, and put forward some suggestions of"Historical Records" writing In textbook for high Schools in the future.