家庭共进晚餐作为一项基本活动，是家庭成员开展互动沟通的重要场所，对儿童青少年的社会化、言语发展与学业成就、风险行为与心理健康和营养健康等方面都有重要作用。然而，在“加班文化”和“快餐文化”盛行的社会背景下，家庭生活节奏逐渐加快，中国家庭父母与孩子共进晚餐也受到了挤压。家庭共进晚餐频率是否发生变化，频率变化是否会对儿童青少年的主观幸福感发展产生影响，对发展的影响有怎样的机制，这些问题已经引起了研究者的关注。然而，以往研究还存在一些局限性：已有研究绝大多数是在西方文化背景下开展的，中国家庭共进晚餐频率的基本现状有待考察；已有研究大多采用横断设计考察频率变化，采用纵向追踪设计的研究相对缺乏；以往研究忽略了个体差异，以个体为中心的家庭共进晚餐研究比较少见；家庭共进晚餐与儿童主观幸福感的关系可能存在内在机制，如调节作用，有待进一步考察。

    针对以上研究问题，本研究以北京市五所小学共879名小学生及其父母为被试，通过每次间隔半年的五次纵向追踪调查，收集了家庭共进晚餐频率、儿童的积极和消极情绪、生活满意度、父母教育卷入以及人口学变量，设计以下三个研究：

    研究一：我国小学高年级儿童家庭共进晚餐频率的基本现状，并考察其随时间变化的特征，以及儿童性别、父母受教育程度和家庭年收入对变化趋势的影响。

    研究二：考察家庭共进晚餐频率的变化分类，以及其对儿童主观幸福感的影响。

    研究三：考察父母教育卷入频率在家庭共进晚餐频率变化类型对儿童主观幸福感的影响中所起的调节作用。

    通过数据分析，主要得到以下结论：

    （1）小学高年级儿童家庭共进晚餐频率的频数分布模式在五个时间点基本一致，一周内每天都共进晚餐的家庭占40%左右，其次是有5天共进晚餐的家庭，占13%左右，第三是有2天共进晚餐的家庭，占12%左右，其余频次占比均在10%以下。共进晚餐频率随时间保持相对稳定，但初始水平和变化速度存在个体差异；同时，初始水平越高，其上升速度越缓慢。人口学变量的预测效应显示，家庭年收入越高，共进晚餐频率初始水平越低但升高得更快。

    （2）共进晚餐频率变化可分为恒中组、恒低组和高缓增组三类。不同频率变化类型的儿童积极和消极情绪、生活满意度存在差异。具体地，恒中组和恒低组分别与高缓增组在积极情绪和生活满意度上存在差异，恒中组与高缓增组的消极情绪存在差异。在控制了儿童主观幸福感初始水平后，不同频率变化类型的儿童积极情绪和生活满意度的改变存在差异，高缓增组的改变大于恒中组和恒低组。

    （3）父母教育卷入能够调节共进晚餐频率变化类型与儿童主观幸福感发展结果关系。具体地，母亲家庭监控、学业辅导和父亲共同活动、家校沟通能调节频率变化分组与生活满意度的关系；父亲家庭监控、亲子沟通、共同活动和家校沟通能调节频率变化分组与消极情绪的关系；父亲家校沟通能调节频率变化分组与积极情绪的关系。

    As a basic activity, family dinner is an important place for family members to communicate, which plays an important role in child development. However, as the pace of family life quickens, Chinese families are too busy to have dinner with their children. There are still some limitations in previous studies: most of the studies were carried out in Western culture, and the status quo of the frequency of Chinese families having dinner together remains unknown. Recent studies used the cross-sectional design to investigate the frequency variation, while the longitudinal tracking design was relatively scarce. Previous studies ignored individual differences, and the person-centered approach is relatively rare. The relationship between family dinner and children's subjective well-being may have moderators, which needs to be investigated.

    Aiming at these research questions, this study took five primary school of Beijing a total of 879 pupils and their parents as subjects, through every half a year, five times the longitudinal investigation, collecting the family dinner frequency, student's positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, parental involvement and demographic variables, design the following three research:

    Study 1: The current situation of family meal frequency of senior primary school students in China, and the characteristics of its changes over time, as well as the impact of demographic variables on the trend of change.

    Study 2: To investigate the classification of family meal frequency and its effect on children's subjective well-being.

    Study 3: The moderating effect of frequency of parental education involvement on children's subjective well-being was investigated.

    After data analysis, the main conclusions can be drawn:

    (1) The elementary school higher grades of children's family to have dinner with frequency distribution pattern in five have almost the same point in time, every day in a week to have dinner with family accounts for about 40%. The frequency of dinner together remained relatively stable over time, but there were individual differences in the initial level and change rate. Meanwhile, the higher the initial level, the slower the rise. The predictive effect of demographic variables showed that the higher the annual household income, the lower the initial level of dinnertime frequency but the faster the increase.

    (2) The change of family dinner frequency can be divided into three groups: constant medium group, constant low group and high slow increase group. There were differences in positive and negative affect and life satisfaction among children with different frequency change types. Specifically, there were differences in positive affect and life satisfaction between the constant medium group and the constant low group, respectively, and differences in negative affect between the constant medium group and the high slow increase group. After controlling the initial level of children's subjective well-being, the changes of positive affect and life satisfaction of children with different frequency change types were different, and the changes of high gradual increase group were greater than those of constant medium group and constant low group.

    (3) Parental involvement can moderate the relationship between the frequency of dinner and children's subjective well-being. Specifically, mother's family monitoring, academic counseling and father's common activities, and home-school communication can moderate the relationship between frequency change group and life satisfaction. Paternal family monitoring, parent-child communication, common activities and home-school communication were associated with negative affect. Parent-school communication can moderate the relationship between frequency change group and positive affect.