网络暴力，是指在信息网络上发布辱骂、诽谤等言语信息，侵害他人合法权益以及网络空间秩序等的行为。网络暴力的行为方式仅限于发布信息，其侵犯的权益包括个人权益，也包括公共空间秩序等。网络暴力具有参与主体的群体性、隐蔽性以及危害后果的失控性、难以消除性等特征。这些特征导致了网络暴力不同于传统暴力，也决定了网络暴力刑法规制存在困难之处。

根据《关于依法惩治网络暴力违法犯罪的指导意见》，可以将网络暴力划分为侮辱诽谤型、人肉搜索型等类型。就侮辱诽谤型网络暴力的刑法规制而言，存在实体认定规定不明确、程序适用难、法定刑过低等问题；就人肉搜索型网络暴力的刑法规制而言，存在某些严重危害行为难以被划入规制范围的问题；网络暴力刑法规制存在的共性问题还包括责任主体难以确定和区分、入罪标准不明确、因果关系难以认定。

针对网络暴力刑法规制存在的上述问题，既需要有宏观层面的规制思路，如提倡被害人保护主义、优化平台责任机制以及划分不同类型的责任主体等；也需要有微观层面的具体立法建议，如侮辱罪、诽谤罪加重构成的增加、程序适用的衔接等。就网络暴力的治理而言，不仅需要在法律层面完善相关规定，也需要社会各界共同参与，协同治理，从源头出手予以防治。

This article deeply explores the concept, characteristics, and challenges when regulating cyber violence in the current criminal law system. In the first part, the article defines the meaning of cyber violence, pointing out its characteristics such as group nature and concealment, and divides cyber violence into types such as insult and defamation and human flesh search according to the Guiding Opinions on Punishing Cyber Violence and Illegal Crimes in accordance with the Law.

In the second part, based on the current situation of judicial regulation of different types of online violence, this article concludes that different types of online violence should be regulated by corresponding crimes. Besides, in the process of judicial regulation, it has some flaws with identification, procedural application, and sentencing decisions issues. In a word, common problems, like the concealment of causal relationships, as well as targeted problems of different types are both existed in the criminal regulation of online violence.

Finally, this article attempts to propose suggestions for improving the criminal regulation of online violence, including both macro-level regulatory ideas, such as advocating victim protectionism, optimizing platform responsibility mechanisms, and dividing different types of responsible parties, as well as micro-level specific legislative suggestions, such as adding the statutory penalty of insult and defamation, and the cohesion of procedural application. With the continuous advancement of network technology, the forms and means of online violence may also change, and legal norms and governance measures need to be constantly updated and improved to meet the needs of the development of network society.