微罪立法是以刑事法治的方式对轻微犯罪现象进行治理。从刑法结构的角度分析，微罪居于刑法犯罪谱系中罪轻的一极。通过对大量的轻微犯罪案件判处拘役及以下的较轻刑罚推动刑法结构由重刑结构向轻刑结构转移。因此微罪立法是从形式上将严重违法行为纳入刑事制裁体系之中，这对于刑事法治的发展具有重要意义。在理论层面，建立微罪制度可以对司法实践中起到提示、引导作用，从而进一步促进微罪适用量的增长。在实践层面，刑法将严重违法行为进行犯罪化处置，并且通过刑事制裁的手段予以惩治。基于大量的微罪刑事案件，刑法结构（罪刑的量化组合）得到调整，有利于“严而不厉”刑法现代化结构的显现。 我国刑法中的微罪立法具有正当性。第一，从刑法理论的角度分析微罪立法的正当性。具体而言，微罪立法不存在过度犯罪化的问题，不违背刑法谦抑性理论以及符合积极一般预防理论。第二，从价值层面分析微罪立法的正当性。微罪立法具有严密法网、实现刑罚裁量的精确化和提升国民的规范意识之价值。为了实现微罪立法的价值，微罪刑事制裁需要完善以下：贯彻罪刑均衡原则，配合刑罚目的的实现以及统一微罪概念的形式解释与实质解释。第三，关于微罪立法的形式正当性问题。我国刑法立法的模式主要采用刑法修正案的形式对危害行为实施犯罪化。长期的刑法修正案修法模式导致刑法典体系的不协调，未来的立法工作需要对刑法典进行全面地修订。另外，对于刑事法治的发展而言，将罪刑条款全部规定在刑法中不利于开展对危害行为的治理工作。笔者建议可以通过附属刑法的立法形式进一步完善微罪立法。 完善刑法结构的犯罪侧是我国刑法中微罪立法的应然之意。其一，对微罪刑事制裁进行完善。具体包括区分微罪与一般违法行为，扩展微罪的范围和最小化微罪立法的缺陷三方面。其二，对微罪罪名进行完善。例如，目前刑法不适合增设见危不救罪。设立见危不救罪对国民素质的要求较高，所以不适宜过早在刑法中设立见危不救罪。但是为了加强刑法对公民人身权利的保护，在刑法中可以增设暴行罪。总之，刑法增设新的微罪罪名将产生道德刚化的结果，并且公民对微罪立法的反应也会影响微罪的适用效果。 完善刑法结构的刑罚侧是我国微罪立法的重要内容。首先，对微罪中的法定最高刑拘役刑予以完善。通过分析滨州地区拘役刑适用的现状，发现适用拘役刑存在的问题和缺陷，并提出在轻微犯罪中完善拘役刑的合理建议。其次，对罚金刑进行完善。罚金刑广泛适用于各种犯罪类型中，尤其对于轻微犯罪而言，罚金刑具有极为重要的适用价值。因此，完善罚金刑有利于构建微罪制度。具体而言，可以扩大罚金刑的适用范围，改变罚金刑为主刑，精确罚金刑的裁量以及建立罚金刑的易科制度。最后，完善其他刑罚制度。例如考虑对社区服务和资格刑进行重新构建。 微罪制度的发展离不开微罪配套制度的支持。对于相关配套制度进行改革可以清除微罪发展道路上的障碍。第一，出罪机制改革。出罪分为一般出罪和例外出罪两类。前者主要是“但书”发挥出罪作用，后者是对于司法实践中的例外情形进行探讨。通过对出罪的内涵进行分析，将出罪的适用原则总结为“入罪合法，出罪合理”。第二，法律附随后果改革。法律附随后果是对犯罪行为进行刑事制裁之后所产生的不利后果。在轻微犯罪中，法律附随后果对被告人带来的负面影响甚至超过了刑罚的处罚程度。其中，“犯罪标签”理论以及前科制度都会使犯罪人今后的生活受到源自方方面面的限制。为了达到消除法律附随后果的目的，笔者建议从以下方面着手：将法律附随后果的资格后果纳入刑法矫治范围，建立前科消灭制度和构建缓起诉制度。第三，诉讼程序改革。其一微罪可以破解刑事审前羁押难题。微罪案件可以完善审前羁押在必要性、释放安全性方面的审查，并且微罪制度还可以大大减少司法实践中审前羁押的刑事案件数量。其二微罪案件主要适用刑事速裁程序进行审判。刑事速裁程序即可以从程序上进行简化，又可以在实体上促进法官从轻审判。其三构建微罪制度可以扩大认罪认罚从宽制度的实施。大量的微罪案件是认罪认罚从宽制度得以适用的广阔土壤。而认罪认罚从宽制度中法律援助机制也有助于查清案件事实真相，从而维护轻微犯罪案件中犯罪人的权利。

The petty misdemeanor legislation is of great significance to the development of criminal law. Establishing a petty misdemeanor system at the theoretical level plays a role in prompting and guiding judicial practice, thereby increasing the applicable amount of petty misdemeanor. On the basis of a large number of criminal trials of petty misdemeanor, the criminal law structure (quantitative combination of crimes and punishments) has been adjusted, which is conducive to the emergence of the modern structure of criminal law. The petty misdemeanor legislation is to formally incorporate serious violations into the criminal sanctions system. Specifically, the criminal law criminalizes serious violations and is punished by means of criminal sanctions. From the perspective of criminal law structure, the petty misdemeanor is in the criminal sin of the crime law, and the petty misdemeanor legislation deals with tiny crimes in the criminal law. By imposing criminal detention and lighter penalties on a large number of minor crimes, the criminal law structure is promoted from a heavy penalty structure to a light penalty structure. The petty misdemeanor legislation in China's criminal law is justified. First, analyze the legitimacy of petty misdemeanor legislation from the perspective of criminal law theory. Specifically, the petty misdemeanor legislation does not have the problem of excessive criminalization, does not violate the criminal law's modest theory and conforms to the positive general prevention theory. Second, analyze the legitimacy of petty misdemeanor legislation from the perspective of value. The petty misdemeanor legislation has a strict legal network, the realization of the precision of penalty discretion and the value of raising the national normative consciousness. In order to realize the value of petty misdemeanor legislation, criminal sanctions for minor crimes need to be improved as follows: implement the principle of criminal punishment, cooperate with the realization of the purpose of punishment and the formal interpretation and substantive interpretation of the concept of unified petty misdemeanor. Third, regarding the formal legitimacy of petty misdemeanor legislation. The model of criminal law legislation in our country mainly adopts the form of criminal law amendment to criminalize harmful behavior. The long-term revision of the criminal law amendment law leads to the inconsistency of the criminal code system. In the next legislative work, the criminal code needs to be comprehensively revised. In addition, as for the development of the criminal rule of law, it is not conducive to the criminalization of the crimes. The author suggests that the petty misdemeanor legislation can be further improved through the legislative form of the subsidiary criminal law. Perfecting the criminal side of the criminal law structure is the meaning of the petty misdemeanor legislation in China's criminal law. First, improve the criminal sanctions for minor crimes. It mainly elaborates on the distinction between petty misdemeanor and general illegal behavior, the expansion of petty misdemeanor scope and the minimization of petty misdemeanor legislation. Second, perfect the crime of minor crimes. For example, the current criminal law is not suitable for adding crimes of facing others danger without saving. The establishment of the crime of facing others danger without saving needs a high requirement for the quality of the people, so it is not appropriate to establish the crime of facing others danger without saving right now in the criminal law. However, in order to strengthen the protection of citizens' personal rights in criminal law, atrocity crimes can be added in criminal law. In short, the criminal law adds a new crime of petty misdemeanor will produce the result of moral rigidity, and the citizen's reaction to the petty misdemeanor legislation will also affect the application of petty misdemeanor. Perfecting the penalty side of the criminal law structure is an important part of the petty misdemeanor legislation in China's criminal law. First of all, the statutory maximum criminal detention penalty in petty misdemeanor is perfected. By analyzing the current situation of the application of detention in Binzhou, we find the problems and shortcomings of the application of the criminal detention, and put forward reasonable suggestions for improving the criminal punishment in minor crimes. Second, improve the penalty. Penalties are widely applicable to various types of crimes, especially for minor offences, where fines have extremely important applicability. Therefore, perfecting fines is conducive to the construction of a petty misdemeanor system. It is possible to expand the scope of application of fines, change the punishment of fines, make discretionary decisions and establish a system of fines for fines. Finally, improve other penal systems. For example, consider rebuilding community services and qualifications. The development of the petty misdemeanor system cannot be separated from the support of the petty misdemeanor supporting system. Reforming the relevant supporting system can remove obstacles on the path of petty misdemeanor development. First, the mechanism reform to eliminate crime. To eliminate crime can divided into two categories: general eliminate conviction and disposal guilty. The former is mainly the " The proviso Law " to play the role of eliminating crime, the latter is to discuss the exceptions in judicial practice. Through the analysis of the connotation of disposal guilty, the principle of application of guilt is expounded, that is, "legal conviction is legal and guilty is reasonable." Second, the reform of the subsequent consequences of the law. The subsequent consequences of the law are the unfavourable consequences of criminal sanctions for criminal acts. In minor crimes, the negative impact of the law on the defendant even exceeds the penalty level of the penalty. Among them, the "crime label" theory and the pre-existing system will limit the future life of the perpetrator from all aspects. The author believes to eliminate the subsequent consequences of the law, the following aspects should be taken from the following aspects: the qualification consequences in the law subsequent consequences should be included in the scope of criminal law correction, the establishment of the criminal elimination system and the construction of the prosecution system. Third, the reform of the proceedings. minor crime can solve the problem of criminal pretrial detention. The petty misdemeanor case can improve the review of the necessity and security of pre-trial detention, and the petty misdemeanor system can greatly reduce the number of criminal cases in pre-trial detention in judicial practice. And petty misdemeanor case is mainly applied to the criminal prosecution procedure for trial. Criminal prosecution procedures can be simplified from the procedural, and can also promote the judges from a light trial. The third development of the petty misdemeanor system can expand the implementation of the lenient confession and punishment system. A large number of petty misdemeanor cases are a broad soil for pleading guilty to the application of a wide system. The legal aid mechanism in the lenient system of pleading guilty also helps to ascertain the facts of the case, thereby safeguarding the rights of offenders in minor crimes.