人口老龄化已成为全球性的问题，我国于1999 年进入老龄化社会。基于我国人口老龄化的自身特点：第一，人口老龄化发展速度快，来势猛；第二，在人均GDP还较低的情况下进入人口老龄化。我国整个社会呈现出未富先老的现实，老年社会保障和社会服务都还存有很多问题，这就导致一部分老年人的晚年生活陷入贫困。近年来，伴随着农村空巢老人、计划生育老人等问题的不断出现，农村老年人群体的生活越发困难。研究我国农村老年人贫困发生的深层次原因和机制，有助于消除贫困，为制定可行的农村反贫困政策提供理论依据。本文主要采用中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查的二手数据，通过对982名农村老年人的数据，主要分析了农村贫困老年人的人口学特征、经济生活特征、社会生活特征，在此基础上对我国农村老年人陷入贫困的原因进行了探讨。本文的创新之处在于：在对贫困老年人生存状况的考察上，把社会支持、社会活动和信息获取等视角引入对农村贫困老年人的社会生活特征分析，从而揭示了他们作为社会存在物的贫困状况。本文主要得出了以下结论：(1)在人口学特征上，女性、年龄大的、受教育水平低的、丧偶的、少数民族和健康状况较差的老年人更容易陷入贫困；（2）农村贫困老年人拥有土地的比例较低，子女赡养水平不高，消费不自由；（3）农村贫困老年人的社会支持较差，心理健康状况很差，社会活动匮乏，福利水平不高，信息获取方面存在困难。根据以上结论，本文从关注女性和少数民族贫困，为农村老年人提供医疗保障、活动场所、社会福利水平等方面进行了讨论，并提出了相关建议。

Aging of population has become a global issue, and China has been an aging society since 1999. China's aging population has its own characteristics: at first, the development of aging population is fast. Secondly, we enter an aging society, where our national GDP per capita is still relatively low.Our whole society demonstrates a reality that people get old before they get rich. There are still many problems in the social security and social services of the old, which leads to poverty of part of the old. In recent years, some problems has emerged such as empty nest elderly people and family planning elderly people. Elderly population living in rural areas are suffering harder life. Studying the deep-seated causes and mechanisms of the poverty of rural elderly in China will do well to eliminating poverty and provide a theoretical basis for making practical anti-poverty policies in rural areas.The data this article referred are second-hand tracing studies data to the elderly in Chinese rural area. According to data from 982 old people in the rural area, this paper mainly analyze demographic characteristics, characteristics of economic life, characteristics of social life of the poor elderly. On the basis of above-mentioned, this paper talked over reasons for rural elderly poverty. The innovation of this paper is that perspectives such as social support, social activities and access to information were brought into social living situation of the poor elderly, then the paper revealed their poverty situation. This paper reached the following conclusions, at first, on the demographic characteristics, the elderly, such as female, the older, less-educated, the widowed, minorities, and poor health, are easy to fall into poverty. Secondly, for rural poor elderly, the percentage of land ownership is low, child support level is not high and consumption is not free. At last, social support for rural poor elderly is weak, their mental health is poor, social activities are less, welfare level is not high and there are difficulties in terms of information access.According to the above conclusions，this paper’s discussion is from focusing on women poverty and minorities poverty ,to providing medical security and activity places for rural elderly，and improving the level of social welfare. Then, we put forward relevant Suggestions.