杜威的反省思维理论建立在其经验主义认识论的基础上，是杜威教育哲学中重要学说。本文阐释了反省思维的理论的内涵、杜威的经验认识论基础及思维训练必要性，指出经验是反省思维的核心，并分析反省思维理论与混沌学理论的相关性。在混沌学理论的视域解读反省思维，发现杜威的反省思维理论具备混沌学理论的三个特征：反省思维与人的经验是相互依赖、相互制约的非线性关系；思维是一个过程且反省思维具有回归性；反省思维具有初始条件的敏感依赖性。

Dewey’s theory of reflective thinking is one of his main thoughts in his philosophy of education, basing on empirical epistemology. This paper demonstrates the theory of reflective thinking from the following aspects: connotation, empirical basis and necessity of thinking training. It indicates that experience is the score of this theory and analyzes the correlation between Reflective Theory and Chaos Theory. From the perspective of Chaos Theory, it can be found that some chaotic properties exist there: reflective thinking and human’s experience show mutual dependent and restrictive nonlinearity; thinking is a process with attribute of regression; reflective thinking has sensitive dependence.