本文分别选取大陆与台湾的代表性教材，统编版高中《语文》教材与翰林版高中《国文》教材（2019年版），以同篇选文《赤壁赋》为研究对象，通过教材编写与教学设计的比较，试图发现两岸教材编写与教学设计的差异，为大陆教材编写与教学带来启示。通过教材各板块编写比较，得出大陆语文教材践行“博学多闻”理念，注重知识积累，重视教师的“教”；台湾国文教材体现“精耕细作”理念，立足现实生活，重视学生的“学”。通过比较两岸《赤壁赋》的教学设计，得出两岸均重视文言基础知识、文章主题的教学，多采用讲授法和朗诵法，但台湾地区更注重文体意识，强调教学内容与现实生活的关联。基于教材与教学的比较，提出大陆教材编写应立足于学生视角，变“教材”为“学材”，提高学生自学能力；在教学设计方面，要重视文体教学，更好体现文化传承，重视知行合一，提升践行能力。

In this paper, representative textbooks of the mainland and Taiwan are selected respectively, namely, the Unified Edition of high School textbook Chinese and the Hanlin Edition of high School textbook Chinese (2019 edition). With the same selected text, the Chibi Fu, as the research object, the author tries to find out the differences between the compilation and instructional design of textbooks on both sides of the Straits by comparing the compilation and instructional design of textbooks, so as to bring enlightenment to the compilation and teaching of textbooks in the mainland. Through the compilation and comparison of various sections of textbooks, it is concluded that Chinese textbooks in the mainland practice the concept of "erudite and knowledgeable", pay attention to knowledge accumulation and teachers' "teaching"; Taiwan text textbooks reflect the concept of "intensive cultivation", based on real life, attach importance to students' "learning". By comparing the teaching design of "Ode to the Red Cliff" on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, it can be concluded that both sides attach importance to the teaching of basic knowledge of classical Chinese and the theme of articles, and most of them adopt the teaching method and recitation method, but Taiwan pays more attention to the sense of style and emphasizes the correlation between teaching content and real life. Based on the comparison between teaching materials and teaching, it is proposed that the compilation of teaching materials in mainland China should be based on the perspective of students, changing "teaching materials" into "learning materials" and improving students' self-learning ability. In teaching design, we should attach importance to style teaching, better reflect cultural inheritance, attach importance to the integration of knowledge and practice, and improve practice ability.