本论文围绕庄子“知”论，尝试从历史环境中人物的可能感知入手，概括其哲学问题，梳理其哲学分析，力图说明，庄子对人世中祸患的来源以及如何安身立命的问题做出了本质探讨。庄子从孔子现实从政思路中发现了其遗留的重要问题，发现了儒家在现实人世设计中的空白和弱点，并结合历史上的案例，说明人世社会的危害（“人为之死”的产生），探讨其原因，提出哲学问题。庄子构想了“混芒之世”的自然状态，回顾人走出自然状态的过程和必然性，为走出自然状态后产生的祸患找到内容上的根源（即“知”的出现）和责任的承担者（即“圣人”）。然后，本文对“知”与“人”的属性问题做讨论，从“知”的出现分析到天人二分，由此有了“人”的出现。然后已经有“知”的“人”如何处理和消除“知”的祸患，于是有了“知与恬交相养”、“养生”的思路，这样，“人”才得以“游”，实现“逍遥”的境界。庄子给出的这种思路，是在人世中探索“道通为一”的体证之路，在有“知”有“用”的现实世界里寻找把握事物“通”性、彰显“道”之本体的必要途径。本文主要的目的是将《庄子》的哲学问题建立在当时的社会背景之中，以“知”为核心展示出《庄子》哲学的问题意识和理论深度。

Focused on the theory of “Zhi”(Knowledge), this paper connects the age Chuang-tsu lived in with the experience that might lead Chuang-tsu’s philosophical questions. It is explored that Chuang-tzu made an essential inquiry into the source of the scourge in human society and how to settle down, which is evaded by Confucius and his followers. Chuang-tsu illustrates the dangers of human knowledge and political life by giving examples of ancient tragic virtuous officials. Next, Chuang-tsu puts forward the hypothesis about the state of nature, and reviews the process and inevitability of man walking out of the natural state, in order to find the reason, which refers to the emergence of "knowledge", and the bearer of responsibility (the "sage"). Afterwards, this paper concerns about the nature of knowledge and the change of natural human beings, which leads the discussion about the relationship about the “Zhi”(Knowledge) and the “Ren”(human beings). On how human beings deal with the scourge of "knowledge", Chuang-tsu gives a way to remove knowledge and maintain physical and mental health. This way created by Chuang-tsu can be interpreted as below. In the world of civilized human society, only to grasp the universality of things can we confirm the existence of ultimate “Dao” and nourish our lives.