随着我国经济的发展和收入分配方式的多元化，居民的收入差距不断扩大，各种因素交互作用，由此也引发了很多社会问题，其中初始财富分配的不均等使得教育投资在劳动力市场分割的条件下更加加剧了这一问题的严重性,本文主要是基于现象的基础上侧重于传导机制的分析，从而可以更深刻地认识收入差距是如何一步一步地不断扩大这一社会焦点问题。具体内容如下：第一部分是导言以及相关文献的梳理。对现有的关于收入差距的重点文献进行了梳理，在吸收和借鉴已有研究的基础上，提出自己的理论观点和分析方法；第二部分主要是研究中国收入差距的发展状况。对收入差距的相关概念进行了说明，并且在众多计算方法中确定了本文将要采用的收入差距的计算方法，并对总体收入差距、城乡收入差距、地区收入差距以及行业收入差距进行了计算和分析；第三部分主要是研究了收入差距扩大的传导机制。针对第二部分收入差距的状况，本部分侧重于理论分析，在Galor-Zeira模型的基础上，本文引入了劳动力市场分割的因素，也就是在要素市场不完善的条件下，分析教育投资是如何导致收入差距不断扩大这一现象，并且对该模型的解释能力进行了计量检验，证明了该理论模型还是非常有说服力的；第四部分是本文的结论部分。通过前面的理论与实证分析，进一步总结了教育投资在要素市场分割的条件下是如何导致收入差距不断扩大的，并且根据本文的分析提出了缩小收入差距的相应措施。

The income disparity of China’s residents widens gradually with the economic developments and the diversifications of the income distribution, which induces many social problems. Especially, the initial distribution of wealth inequality makes the education investment in the imperfect factor market quicken the seriousness of the problem. And this paper mainly analyze of the conduction mechanism.The contents are the followings: The first chapter is the introduction and the related documents. It proposes the theoretical opinion and analysis methods on basis of absorbing in and referring to the former studies from the aspect of income disparity, its causes and countermeasures. The second chapter mainly studies the developing situation of China’s income disparity. It explains the related concepts of income discrimination and identifies the calculation of income disparity being used in this paper in many calculation methods, and calculates and analyzes the overall income disparity, the income disparity between urban and rural areas, between the different regions and sectors. The third chapter does research on the conduction mechanism of the income-widening. This chapter, focusing on the situation of income disparity in the second chapter, emphasizes on the theoretical analysis. On basis of the Galor-Zeria Model, this paper also introduces the existence of the labor market segmentation factor, namely, which analyzing how the education investment leads to the widening of the income discrimination in the conditions of imperfect labor-market and capital-market. Moreover, it tests and measures this model’s explanation ability to prove its persuasiveness. The fourth chapter is the conclusion. According to the former theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper makes a further summary which is how the education investment leads to the widening of income discrimination in the imperfect factor-market, and then proposes the countermeasures to narrow the income discrimination.