科学教育的重要目标是培养科学素养，相关政策也在致力于用各种方式培养学生的科学素养，解读各国政策标准与研究结果发现，科学论证在科学素养中占有重要地位，培养科学论证能力是有效提高素养的方法之一。在此背景下，我们应该注重开展科学论证活动。但是，在教学实践中开展科学论证活动仍然面临着一些挑战。因此，应该思考如何高质量地完成科学论证活动，提高学生的科学素养。已有的研究表明，科学论证模型和科学论证工具为开展科学论证活动提供了支持。本研究在经全面调研和分析后，发现已有科学论证工具在应用于实践当中时，仍存在不足。综上，本研究将设计和开发一款适合我国中小学生的在线科学论证工具。

本研究依据图尔敏论证模型，以科学素养的内容为依据，结合课程标准，采用基于设计的研究设计开发在线科学论证工具，并验证其应用效果。经过迭代修改后，在线科学论证工具共分为绘图区、论证资料区、论据与解释区、讨论与评论区四个部分。学生在使用在线科学论证工具时，能够根据任务要求，在论证资料区查看或上传相关资料；依据资料在绘图区绘制清晰明了的科学论证图，收集证据并对证据作出解释，通过画图表达主观的想法，关注得出结论的过程；在论据与解释区梳理论据或进行解释；在讨论与评论区发表观点。

本研究在迭代过程中，根据反馈意见对在线科学论证工具进行了优化完善。工具的功能设计得到了专家、教师和学生的肯定，他们认为此工具对促进学生科学素养的发展起到积极作用。在实际应用中，本研究基于在线科学论证工具设计教学活动，招募来自全国各地四至七年级的学生实际使用在线科学论证工具，从应用结果可知，学生学习效果较好。同时，本研究为一线教师使用在线科学论证工具提出了教学建议。在线科学论证工具适用于科学概念学习、社会性议题等不同的教学主题，可以被有效的应用到教学实践当中，能够针对性培养学生的能力，提高科学素养，在线科学论证工具在实践中具有较强的意义与价值。

The important goal of science education is to cultivate scientific literacy. Relevant policies are also committed to cultivating students’ scientific literacy in various ways. Interpreting national policy standards and research results have found that scientific demonstration occupies an important position in scientific literacy, and cultivating scientific demonstration ability is One of the effective ways to improve literacy. In this context, we should focus on carrying out scientific demonstration activities. However, carrying out scientific demonstration activities in teaching practice still faces some challenges. Therefore, we should think about how to complete scientific demonstration activities with high quality and improve students' scientific literacy. Existing studies have shown that scientific argumentation models and scientific argumentation tools provide support for the development of scientific argumentation activities. After a comprehensive investigation and analysis of this research, it is found that the existing scientific argumentation tools are still inadequate when they are applied in practice. In summary, this research will design and develop an online scientific demonstration tool suitable for primary and secondary school students in my country.

This research is based on Toulmin’s argumentation model, based on the content of scientific literacy, combined with curriculum standards, using design-based research and design to develop online scientific argumentation tools and verify their application effects. After iterative modification, the online scientific argumentation tool is divided into four parts: drawing area, argumentation data area, argument and explanation area, discussion and comment area. When using online scientific argumentation tools, students can view or upload relevant information in the argumentation data area according to the task requirements; draw clear and clear scientific argumentation diagrams in the drawing area based on the data, collect evidence and explain the evidence, and express subjective opinions through drawing. Ideas, pay attention to the process of drawing conclusions; sort out theoretical evidence or explain in the argument and explanation area; express opinions in the discussion and comment area.

In the iterative process of this research, the online scientific argumentation tool was optimized and improved based on feedback. The functional design of the tool has been affirmed by experts, teachers and students, who believe that this tool will play a positive role in promoting the development of students' scientific literacy. In practical applications, this research designed teaching activities based on online scientific argumentation tools, recruiting students from grades 4 to 7 from all over the country to actually use online scientific argumentation tools. From the application results, it can be seen that students have better learning effects. At the same time, this research provides teaching suggestions for frontline teachers to use online scientific argumentation tools. Online scientific argumentation tools are suitable for different teaching topics such as scientific concept learning and social issues. They can be effectively applied to teaching practice. They can cultivate students’ abilities and improve scientific literacy. Online scientific argumentation tools are more effective in practice.