随着经济和社会的持续发展与进步，学生及家长对教育的需求愈来愈多样化，传统的应试教育模式已不能满足这些需求。英国通过倡导教育公共治理的模式，积极推动基础教育办学体制的多样化改革，向公众提供更优质、更多样化的教育服务。

英国中央教育行政机构的治理定位是集中控制与适度放权相结合，地方教育当局则注重提供必要的支持与服务，而学校层面的治理定位是自主发展。英国的基础教育治理运行机制，以政府引导为基石，市场力量为牵引，并广泛吸纳社会各方参与。通过实现治理主体的多元化、治理权利的多中心化，以及治理组织的网络化，推动办学体制的多样化发展。

自20世纪70年代末期英国保守党政府执政以来，英国的教育行政模式经历了从传统行政管理向公共治理的转变。受社会经济发展战略的影响，英国政府积极推动学校间的合作与良性竞争，鼓励学校发展各自的特色教育。同时，政府进一步倡导建立以学校为主导的教育体系，实现学校的自我发展与自我完善，从而推动学校向特色化、多样化的方向发展。此外，为满足家长的需求，英国政府还积极引进多元化的办学力量，促使学校经营主体多样化、管理差异化以及教育培养的特色化。这些举措共同为英国的教育改革与发展注入了新的活力。

英国中小学办学体制改革的初衷在于满足学生的个性化学习需求，提升教育质量，并推动教育的持续创新与发展。这项改革已取得了显著成效，为学生提供了更加多样化的教育选择，有效地激发了学校的创新活力，从而推动了整个教育系统的全面进步。然而，改革也面临着一系列挑战。如何在确保学校自主发展的同时，加强督查与问责，维护教育质量的标准，是一个亟待解决的问题。如何在追求学校绩效的同时，保持其特色化发展，以应对教育改革带来的社会影响，亦是需要深入思考和解决的难题。

英国基础教育治理的核心理念在于，既赋予学校充分的自主权，又实行适度的国家层面监管。在这种自治与问责并重的治理框架下，英国的中小学以多样化的姿态，确保每个学生都能在符合需求的教育环境中得到充分的发展。

With the sustained advancement and progress of the economy and society, the demand for education among students and their parents becomes increasingly diversified, rendering the existing exam-oriented educational model inadequate to meet their needs. Through advocating the model of public governance of education, the UK actively promotes the diversification reform of school running system, providing the public with higher quality and more diverse educational services.

The governance positioning of the central educational administrative agencies in the UK is centralized control balanced with moderate decentralization, whereas local authorities focus on providing precise support and services. The governance positioning of schools in the UK is to advocate for autonomous development. The governance mechanism of basic education in the UK is established on the basis of a fundamental model comprising government guidance, market operation, and social participation. Through the diversification of governance subjects, the decentralization of governance rights, and the networked organization of governance, the development of diversified basic education systems is promoted.

Since the late 1970s, when the Conservative Party came to power in the UK, the country has shifted from traditional administrative management to a pursuit of public governance. Influenced by socio-economic development strategies, the UK government encourages collaboration and competition among schools, guides schools to develop distinctive education, further advocates for the establishment of school-led systems, and implements the concept of self-improvement in schools, promoting the diversification of school characteristics and enhancing their development. At the same time, the UK government actively introduces diverse school running forces in line with parental demands, promoting the diversification of school operators, differentiation of school management, and cultivation of school characteristics.

The purpose of the reform of the UK’s school running system is to meet individualized student needs, enhance education quality, and promote innovation and development in education. This reform has achieved significant results by providing students with more diverse educational choices, effectively stimulating the innovative vitality of schools, and thereby promoting progress in the entire education system. However, the reform also faces a series of challenges. Strengthening inspection and accountability mechanisms, while preserving schools’ autonomous development and maintaining educational quality standards, poses an urgent challenge that needs to be tackled. Likewise, preserving the development of school characteristics while pursuing school performance, in order to cope with the social impact of educational reform, is a complex issue demanding thorough consideration and effective solutions.

The fundamental principle of the UK’s basic education governance mechanism is to grant schools more autonomy while also implementing moderate national supervision. Within this framework of governance that emphasizes both autonomy and accountability, primary and secondary schools in the UK ensure that every student can receive full development in an educational environment that meets their needs.