最值问题起源于生活，逐渐演变为数学课程中的一系列关键内容，也越来越受到高考命题者的青睐。然而在实际学习中，最值问题因其类型广泛、解法灵活的特点成为了高中数学的难点之一。许多高中生面对多样的最值题型无从下手，导致在考试中解题混乱而大量丢分。因此，本文从高考试卷的命题角度展开，对这类问题进行探究。

本文以文献研究作为铺垫，针对性地整理了2015-2019年的全国新课标理数卷真题，了解高考中数学最值问题的试题发展趋势。经过剖析，将常见的最值问题划分为八种类型：初等函数、目标函数、立体几何、解析几何、数列、不等式、极坐标系以及实际运用的最值问题，通过典型问题的研究总结出高考最值问题的解题思想主要是数形结合思想、化归思想和数学模型思想，解题方法主要有函数法、几何法和不等式法。希望对高中教师和学生学习和复习最值问题有所帮助。

The optimal value problem originated from life and gradually evolved into a series of key contents in the mathematics curriculum, which is also more and more favored by the examiners in the college entrance examination. However, in practical learning, the optimal value problem has become one of the difficulties in high school mathematics due to its wide range of types and flexible solutions. Many high school students are faced with a variety of optimal questions distressly, resulting in a large number of points lost because of the problem solving confusion. Therefore, from the perspective of the proposition of the college entrance examination paper, this paper makes an inductive study of this kind of problems.

Based on literature research, this paper makes a targeted arrangement of the original papers of the national new curriculum standards from 2015 to 2019, to understand the development trend of the mathematical optimal value problem in college entrance examination. Through the analysis, the common optimal value problem is divided into eight categories: elementary function, the objective function, solid geometry, analytic geometry, series, inequality, polar coordinates and the actual use of the optimal value problem, through the study of typical problems, it is concluded that the thinking of solving the optimal value problem of college entrance examination is mainly the combination of number and form, the thought of reduction and the thought of mathematical model. I hope it will be helpful for high school teachers and students to study and review the optimal value problem.