随着区域经济一体化进程的不断推进，各区域贸易安排内部关税壁垒与非关税壁垒逐渐降低和取消，贸易自由化得到较大的促进。同时为避免因其他成员方产品大量涌入而损害国内相关产业，各进口成员方积极寻求贸易救济来保护国内产业和国际贸易，其中保障措施制度越来越受到关注。保障措施素有“安全阀”之称，是在公平贸易条件下唯一可以适用的贸易救济措施，具有限制进口、保护国内产业的作用，对国内产业的结构调整以及增强国家竞争力具有重要的意义。理论上而言，保障措施制度体现了贸易保护与贸易自由化之间的平衡，也是在公平贸易与贸易救济之间的协调。保障措施被许多国家作为保护国内产业的手段，是一种合法的救济措施。然而，近年来国际上贸易保护主义有抬头之势，滥用保障措施即是贸易保护主义的体现。为了遏制这种滥用，有必要在区域贸易协定中既保留这种救济手段，同时又给予合法、合理、规范的限制。 当前，越来越多区域贸易协定对保障措施制度做出明确规定，其内容既包括WTO体制下的全球保障措施，也包括区域贸易协定内部的双边保障措施。由于各区域贸易协定的背景、目标、一体化程度，以及成员方之间经济和法律传统等存在差异，不同区域贸易协定根据自身一体化发展程度及兼顾各成员方政治、经济等特点建立相应的保障措施制度。其中，作为近年来区域经济一体化进程中影响较大、质量较高，具有“小多边”性质的区域贸易协定，《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（TPP）为后续区域贸易协定法律制度的创建树立了模板。TPP各成员方在国际和国内产业结构方面差异较大，经济发展水平参差不齐，在国际贸易体制中扮演着不同的角色。在这一背景下，贸易救济尤其是保障措施制度是各成员方无法回避的。TPP致力于建立起相对完善的保障措施制度，依此为贸易自由化可能对成员方国内产业带来的损害提供救济，有助于促进区域一体化协定的达成。在美国退出TPP后，日本等其他11个成员方达成协议成立了《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（CPTPP），吸纳了TPP绝大部分条款，包括保障措施制度及其规则。TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度对国际上区域贸易协定相关规则会带来较大的影响和示范作用，对未来中国签署区域贸易协定保障措施制度亦有借鉴作用。 本文从法学、政治学、经济学、国际关系学等多个角度，采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法，采取比较分析和实证研究等方法，系统地对TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度进行研究，包括WTO框架下全球保障措施制度和区域贸易协定下双边保障措施制度，分析其对早期区域协定保障措施制度的继承和发展，探讨其制度设计的利弊及其与WTO保障措施制度的互动关系，研究其对未来区域贸易协定保障措施制度是否能起到引领方向的作用，最终为中国参加区域贸易协定建立保障措施制度提供合理借鉴。由于正式公布的CPTPP协定文本只涉及冻结和修改TPP协定的部分条款，TPP协定包括保障措施制度在内的绝大部分条款直接纳入CPTPP协定，两者关于保障措施制度的规定完全一致，因此本文从TPP与CPTPP发展沿革的角度，将研究题目定为《TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度研究》。 通过对TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度的深入研究表明，TPP/CPTPP致力于建立起相对完善的保障措施法律制度，依此制度来保护贸易自由化可能对成员方国内产业带来的程度不同的损害，以确保区域内贸易能在稳定的环境中良性发展。其采取同时保留全球保障措施和双边保障措施的模式，并且双边保障措施的标准比WTO全球保障措施标准更高。在全球保障措施方面，其总体上将GATT和WTO多边框架下保障措施条款纳入协定中，但在实施程序、对关税配额产品例外规定等方面，与多边框架下保障措施又有所区别，并在一定程度上体现出TPP/CPTPP区域贸易协定的特性，因此TPP/CPTPP保障措施实质为“WTO - plus”模式。在双边保障措施方面，规定双边保障措施仅在过渡期内可以适用，是过渡性保障措施。TPP/CPTPP双边保障措施制度比全球保障措施制度更加严格，主要体现在进口增加标准、保障措施实施方式、实施期限等诸多方面。在双边保障措施部分，重点分析论述了TPP协议文本第6.3.1条款，该条款规定保障措施可以区分产品“来源”，仅针对某一成员方或某几个成员方实施双边保障措施。笔者认为，该条款为歧视性规定，是对WTO“非歧视原则”的挑战，可以认为是开放中的倒退。为了防止保障措施的滥用，同时有效保护成员方国内产业发展，保障措施必须遵守“非歧视原则”。 最后，本文对TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度对未来中国参加区域贸易协定带来的影响和启示做出深入分析，认为未来中国区域贸易协定中保障措施制度构建应遵循以下基本原则，一是总体上采用“WTO - plus”模式。通过加严规则限制保障措施的适用，在提供合理救济的同时，防范贸易保护主义。二是对TPP/CPTPP保障措施制度要选择性和批判性吸收借鉴。三是要区分谈判对象和自身利益，借助区域贸易协定实现多边层面难以实现的利益诉求。四是加强对歧视性条款的防范及应对。五是构建高效的保障措施争端解决机制及管辖权协调制度。六是完善中国国内保障措施有关法律制度，在国内法中明确区域贸易协定保障措施制度在中国的执行。在具体制度设计上，全球保障措施制度应遵循多边框架下保障措施有关规则，并在此基础上进行必要的限定，例如对“配额”产品排除适用全球保障措施等例外规定。双边保障措施制度一方面应详细而明确地规定适用的实体条件，采取相对严格的实施标准，并要重点防范歧视性规定；另一方面，要强化实施程序的公正和透明，防止保障措施被滥用而成为贸易保护主义的工具。总之，未来中国应当在区域贸易协定中推动设立公平合理的保障措施制度，以期在经济一体化进程中获得更加有利的发展地位。

With the continuous progress of regional economic integration, tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers will be gradually reduced and canceled in regional trade arrangements, and trade liberalization will be greatly promoted. At the same time, in order to avoid damaging the domestic related industries due to the importation of other member's products, the importing members actively seek trade remedy to protect domestic industry and international trade, and the safeguard measures system is attracting more and more attention. The safeguard measures system is related to a member's need to bear responsibility under certain special circumstances, which can protect national interests, safeguard national sovereignty and deviate from obligations under multilateral or regional trade system.In theory, the system of safeguard measures embodies the balance between trade protection and trade liberalization, as well as the coordination between fair trade and trade relief. However, in recent years, “the international trade protection doctrine” has gained momentum, many countries utilize safeguard measures as an important measure to protect domestic industries, the matter of how to set up a legal and reasonable safeguard measures system, to provide reasonable relief measures in the regional trade and at the same time to curb the imperative of trade protectionism, is of great importance. At present, more and more regional trade agreements have explicitly stipulated the safeguard measures system, including the global safeguard measures under the WTO system, and the bilateral safeguard measures applied in the regional trade agreements. Due to the differences in background, objectives and integration of regional trade agreements, as well as differences in economic and legal traditions among member states, different regional trade agreements will establish their own legal systems in accordance with their own characteristics, which are consistent with their respective political, economic and cultural backgrounds. Among them, the trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is a regional trade agreement with greater impact and higher quality in the process of regional economic integration in recent years. As a “small multilateral” regional trade agreement, TPP has set up a template for the establishment of subsequent regional trade agreement legal system. It will also be a reference for China to sign regional trade agreements with other countries, especially with developed countries in the future. TPP/CPTPP parties differ greatly in the international and domestic industrial structure. The level of economic development is uneven, and they play different roles in the international trade system. In this context, trade relief is unavoidable for TPP parties. After the withdrawal of the United States, the other 11 members of TPP set up CPTPP and retained most terms of TPP regulations including safeguard measures. TPP/CPTPP is committed to establish a relatively perfect legal system of safeguard measures, so as to avoid different degree of damages to the domestic industry of the members by trade liberalization, to form a balance between trade liberalization and trade protection, and to ensure healthy development of the regional trade in a stable environment. From the perspectives of law, politics, economics and international relations, with the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, and through comparative analysis and empirical research, this paper studies the legal system of safeguard measures of TPP/CPTPP, including the system of global safeguard measures under the multilateral framework of and bilateral safeguard measures under regional trade agreements, and focus on the bilateral safeguard measures, by the analysis of TPP/CPTPP’s inheritance and development of early regional agreement safeguard measures system, to explore the advantages and disadvantages of system design and its interaction with WTO safeguard measures system. The paper makes a study on whether and how TPP/CPTPP regulations can play a role in leading the direction of the final future regional trade legal system of safeguard measures, pointing out direction for China’s future participation in RTAs to establish the safeguard measures system. Since the text of the formally published CPTPP agreement covers only part of the provisions of the freezing and modification of the TPP agreement, the vast majority of the provisions of the TPP agreement, including the safeguard measures system, are directly incorporated into the CPTPP, and the provisions of safeguard measures system are completely consistent. Therefore, the study will be carried out from the perspective of the evolution from TPP to CPTPP, which is why the title of the paper is determined. Through in-depth study of the TPP/CPTPP safeguard measures system, it shows that TPP/CPTPP adopts the mode of retaining global safeguard measures and bilateral safeguard measures simultaneously, and the standard of bilateral safeguard measures is higher than that of WTO global safeguard measures. In the global safeguard measures, the premise of TPP/CPTPP safeguard measures is in compliance with GATT and WTO rules under the multilateral framework and adopts relevant safeguard clauses into the TPP agreement, but there are some difference between the regulations of TPP/CPTPP global safeguard measures with that of WTO safeguard measures under the multilateral framework, such as the implementation procedures and the exceptions of tariff quotas, which reflects the characteristics of the TPP/CPTPP regional trade agreement in a certain extent. In conclusion, the TPP/CPTPP global safeguard measures adopts the “WTO - plus” model. With regard to bilateral safeguard measures, TPP/CPTPP bilateral safeguard measures can be applied only during the transition period and therefore are transitional safeguard measures. TPP/CPTPP bilateral safeguard measures system is more stringent than the WTO global safeguard measures system, mainly reflected in the increase of import standards, implementation of safeguard measures, implementation time and many other aspects. Besides, this paper focuses on the 6.3.1 provision of the TPP text, which stipulates that safeguard measures can distinguish the “source” of products, to implement bilateral safeguard measures only on one member or several members of TPP. In my opinion, the discriminatory clause is a challenge to the “non-discriminatory principle”of WTO and can be considered as retrogression in the open. In order to prevent the abuse of safeguard measures and effectively protect the domestic industry development of the member states, the safeguard measures must abide by the “non discriminatory principle”. In the end, the author puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of security measures in China's regional trade agreements in the future. First, in the design of the system of safeguard measures, the “WTO - plus” model of strict safeguard measures should be adopted as a whole. At the same time, China should prevent and deal well with the discriminatory provisions of the system of safeguard measures. The second is to absorb some reasonable provisions of the TPP/CPTPP safeguard measures system as reference. Among them, the global safeguard measures can learn from the relevant provisions of TPP/CPTPP, to adopts GATT and WTO regulations of safeguard measures as a part of the legal system, rather than regulates detailed implementation conditions and procedures at the same time, besides, according to the rules of the multilateral regional trade agreements, some clauses should be added or adjusted due to the phase characteristics of different regional trade agreement; In the design of bilateral safeguard measures, on the one hand, China should try to make clear the applicable conditions of security measures, in order to make the safeguard measures more operational, on the other hand, China should ensure fair and reasonable applicable conditions by distinguishing the object and their own interests through negotiation. The third is to realize China’s interest demands that are difficult to achieve at the multilateral level with the aid of regional trade agreements. The forth is to strengthen the prevention and response to discriminatory provisions. The fifth is to build a dispute settlement mechanism for the regional trade agreement which is suitable for China's national conditions, to take a “pragmatic and flexible attitude” for reference to the “site selection clauses” that have been practiced in TPP/CPTPP. The last is to improve the legal system of domestic safeguard measures. In a word, China should set up a fair and reasonable safeguard measures system in the future of regional trade agreements in order to gain a more favorable position in the process of economic integration.