纵观中国贫困的历史进程，区域性贫困和生态型贫困一直是导致我国贫困脆弱性的最大因素。生态脆弱区、资源匮乏区等区域通常面临减贫发展和生态保护的双重难题，与实施易地扶贫搬迁的区域存在较高的地理耦合效应。易地扶贫搬迁作为中国特有的减贫方式，旨在将生态脆弱区域、环境恶劣区域等不适合人类发展地区的贫困人群通过区域条件的变换，改善其生存发展的基础物质和资源条件，利用后续就业等帮扶机制实现脱贫发展的目标,为解决区域性贫困难题、全面建成小康社会创造了良好的基础条件。现阶段，易地扶贫搬迁的就业实践取得了很大成效，但其理论机制、创新模式和效果评价缺少相对完善的研究成果。因此，论文按照贫困群体“搬迁-就业-脱贫-可持续发展”的减贫思路，从理论价值和现实意义入手，立足于国内外研究现状，基于精准扶贫思想和田野调查数据资料，重点将构建易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫理论体系、阐释其就业减贫机制和路径、总结其就业安置模式、评价其后续就业减贫效果等问题开展深入研究。 论文所研究的易地扶贫搬迁，是基于就业减贫的视角，又拓展了易地扶贫搬迁的群众益贫式扶贫思想理论、结构性失业理论、可持续发展的绿色减贫思想理论等理论基础。因此，论文研究的理论体系包含易地扶贫搬迁的变迁历程和就业脱贫的关系内涵，涉及政治经济学、发展经济学、劳动经济学等经济学学科理论，还涉及社会适应性、可持续生计等社会学理论，还有绿色发展与减贫融合的经济、社会、生态等交叉学科理论。易地扶贫搬迁与就业扶持的联系又为发挥易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫效应提供了理论依据。易地扶贫搬迁就业作用机制所包含了搬迁区域和劳动力人口的瞄准机制、就业部门联动和区域劳务协作机制、就业扶持资金投入机制、搬迁群体的就业参与机制等对实现搬迁人口的就业发展具有指导性作用。同时，易地扶贫搬迁的就业脱贫路径基于三个方面发挥作用，一是政府与企业通过技能培训培育搬迁劳动力的就业竞争优势，破除结构性失业难题，达到搬迁劳动力的充分就业状态；二是调整扶贫产业发展格局，利用政府的主动干预机制弥补市场失灵；三是政府部门拓展就业增收渠道，提升搬迁劳动力的可持续生计能力。 基于理论分析、机制构建和路径探索，对各地易地扶贫搬迁的就业发展模式进行总结，从“城区安置+多元就业”模式、“园区安置+产业务工”模式、“景区安置+旅游扶贫”模式、“中心村镇安置+扶贫车间”模式等分析中发现，尽管不同探索模式均基于搬迁农户的就业可持续发展角度考虑，但不同实践模式基于农户的异质性致贫原因和搬迁意愿，对其搬迁后续发展机制、就业扶持和内生发展动力培育方式不尽相同。正是基于不同模式的存在，才为不同搬迁群体的可持续发展提供精准化发展思路。 易地扶贫搬迁的就业理论机制和实践模式为进一步研究和评价减贫效果提供了基础理论，论文立足大量基础数据资料，利用计量实证分析和指标评价体系的方法，对易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫成效进行多维度衡量和评估。 首先，在易地扶贫搬迁的就业影响因素方面，一是从理论分析角度对影响搬迁群体就业的政策、区域和人力资本因素探究，发现易地扶贫搬迁群体的就业发展除了依靠宏观政策扶持之外，更依托搬迁农户的自身禀赋条件；二是从实证角度研究工资性收入与各影响因素之间的关系，利用多元回归模型、加权最小二乘回归模型和分位数回归模型对其内在影响程度进行定量分析，结果表明工资性收入与各影响因素之间的关系呈现正相关，且这些解释变量对不同搬迁贫困家庭的工资性收入影响程度也存在差异，表现为工资性收入越高的搬迁贫困户，受这些因素的影响作用越大。 其次，在易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫效果方面，一是基于多元回归计量模型，利用实地调研数据对搬迁家庭的收入规模和结构进行分析，通过定量分析发现，易地扶贫搬迁家庭的工资性收入对家庭纯收入的贡献率为0.7082，占据家庭收入结构的最大比重；二是基于多维贫困模型(A-F方法)，通过构建收入水平、基本保障、就业能力、资源禀赋与发展条件等4个维度的多维贫困指标体系，利用湖北、重庆、四川等地的农户调研数据对贫困家庭易地扶贫搬迁后续就业层面的多维贫困情况进行分析，发现搬迁农户的就业减贫效果所包含的就业收入和就业能力等多项指标的贫困发生率和对多维贫困贡献率都随搬迁而实现大幅度下降，表明在多维贫困指标评价体系下，易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫效果得到有效发挥。 最后，在易地扶贫搬迁的就业可持续发展方面，选取河北省滦平县作为案例，从县域整体情况、搬迁社区和搬迁农户等层面，重点对易地扶贫搬迁及就业安置的政策措施扶持、安置社区就业效果和农户可持续能力进行分析。一是基于DFID可持续生计分析框架的指标体系，利用易地扶贫搬迁受益贫困户的建档立卡数据分析发现，滦平县易地扶贫搬迁贫困户可持续生计指标重要性趋势为:人力资本?物质资本?金融资本?社会资本?自然资本，人力资本是搬迁移民就业脱贫和可持续发展的关键因素，契合了移民发展和可持续生计的一般规律；二是基于社区和农户案例视角，发现搬迁安置社区的就业发展取得了良好成效，构建了社区与农户的长效利益联结机制，同时，农户的社区适应性和就业增收稳定性得到大幅度提高。 在综合理论分析和实证分析的基础上，论文得出以下结论:一是易地扶贫搬迁破除了限制贫困户发展的区域资源禀赋因素；二是易地扶贫搬迁的就业政策能有效消除搬迁群体的结构性失业矛盾；三是易地扶贫搬迁的就业减贫效果受政策机制和人力资本因素影响；四是易地扶贫搬迁的就业措施降低了农户的多维贫困水平；五是易地扶贫搬迁的就业机制提高了农户的可持续生计能力。由此，论文进一步提出相应的政策建议：一是提升区域经济发展与就业脱贫的联动效应；二是加强政府部门与社会组织的就业资源投入力度；三是充分考虑易地扶贫搬迁群体的就业意愿；四是完善易地扶贫搬迁贫困家庭的就业发展机制；五是建立易地扶贫搬迁就业减贫效果的动态评价体系。

Throughout the historical process of poverty in China, regional poverty and ecological poverty have always been the biggest limiting factors to poverty in China. Ecologically fragile areas and resource-poor areas often face two-way problems of poverty reduction and ecological protection, and there is a high geographic coupling effect with the areas of migration for poverty reduction. Migration for poverty reduction, as a special poverty alleviation method in China, aims to improve the basic material and resource conditions for the survival and development of the poverty-stricken people in ecologically fragile and environmentally disadvantaged areas. Through the transformation of regional conditions and the help mechanism of follow-up employment, it wants to achieve the goal of poverty alleviation and development and solve the problem of regional poverty and build a well-off society in an all-round way. At the present stage, the employment practice of migration for poverty reduction has achieved great results, but its theoretical mechanism, innovative model and effect evaluation lack relatively perfect research results. Therefore, starting from the theoretical value and practical significance, based on the precise poverty alleviation thought and field survey data, this paper will focus on the construction of the employment poverty reduction theory system for the migration for poverty reduction, the explanation of its employment poverty reduction mechanism and path, the summary of its employment and resettlement mode, and the evaluation of its follow-up employment poverty reduction effect. This paper studies the transfer of poverty alleviation based on the perspective of employment and poverty reduction, and expands the theoretical basis of the mass poverty alleviation theory, endogenous development of poverty alleviation theory, structural unemployment theory, sustainable development green poverty alleviation theory and so on. Therefore, the theoretical system of this paper includes the changing course of migration for poverty and the relationship between employment and poverty alleviation. It involves economic theories such as political economics, development economics, labor economics, regional and industrial economics, and sociological theories of social adaptability and sustainable livelihood. At the same time, it also includes the economic, social and ecological theories of integration of green development and poverty alleviation. Moreover, the employment mechanism of migration for poverty includes the mechanism for the relocation of poor areas and households, industrial organizations, employment cooperation,capital investment, employment, interest linkage.They provide theoretical basis and support for improving the quality of poverty alleviation and the sustainable livelihood level of relocation. Therefore, the poverty reduction mechanism and path of employment relocation have driving force for the sustainable development of relocated farmers. First, through skill training, the government and enterprises can cultivate the competitive advantage for the relocated labor force, it can eliminate the structural unemployment problem and achieve the full employment of the relocated labor force.Second,we should adjust the development pattern of poverty alleviation industries and make use of the government's active intervention mechanism to make up for market failure. Third, Government departments should expand channels of employment and income increase to enhance the sustainable livelihood of relocated labor force. Based on theoretical analysis, mechanism construction and path exploration, this paper summarizes the employment support modes of poverty alleviation and relocation in different places. From the analysis of "urban resettlement + multiple employment" mode, "park resettlement + industrial workers" mode, "scenic spot resettlement + tourism poverty alleviation" mode, and "central village resettlement + poverty alleviation workshop" mode, it is found that although different exploration modes are given to relocated farmers. Considering the sustainable development of employment, different practice modes have different follow-up development mechanism, employment support and endogenous development motivation cultivation for differant poverty-causing reasons and relocation willingness of peasant households. It is based on the existence of different modes that precise development ideas are provided for the sustainable development of different relocation groups. Employment theory mechanism and practice model of migration for poverty provide basic theory for further research and evaluation of poverty alleviation effect. Based on a large number of basic data, this paper uses the method of quantitative empirical analysis and index evaluation system to measure and evaluate the employment and poverty alleviation effect of migration for poverty and relocation from multiple dimensions. Firstly, in terms of the factors affecting the employment of the relocation group, the first is to explore the policy, regional and human capital factors affecting the employment of the relocation group from the perspective of theoretical analysis. It is found that the employment development of the relocation group relies on not only macro-policy support, but also relies on the self-endowment conditions of the relocation farmers. The second is to study the relationship between wage income and various factors from the perspective of empirical analysis. The relationship between wage income and its influencing factors is quantitatively by using multiple regression model, weighted least squares regression model and quantile regression model. The results show that the relationship between wage income and its influencing factors is positively correlated, and the influence of these explanatory variables on wage income of different relocated poor families is also different. The higher wage income, the higher wage income. The effect of these factors on the relocation of poor households is greater. Secondly, in terms of poverty reduction effect for the relocation, the first is based on the multiple regression econometric model to analyse the income scale and structure of relocated families by field survey data. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that the contribution rate of the wage income of relocated families to the total family income is 0.7082, which accounts for the largest proportion of the family income structure; the second is based on the multi-dimensional poverty model (A-F method). By constructing a multi-dimensional poverty index system with four dimensions: income level, employment ability, industrial development and resource endowment, we analyse the multi-dimensional poverty situation of poor families by using household survey data in Hubei, Chongqing and Sichuan and so on. It was found that the more deprived indicators, the lower the multi-dimensional poverty index. Starting from 4, the multi-dimensional poverty index shows a significant downward trend. Finally, Luanping County, Hebei Province, is selected as a case to analyze the overall situation of the county, the relocation community and the relocation of farmers, focusing on the policy measures of poverty alleviation and relocation and employment resettlement, the effect of resettlement community employment and the sustainable ability of farmers. The first is based on the index system of DFID sustainable livelihood framework, we use the data analysis of the archives of the poor households who have relocated income from migration. It is found that the important trend of the indicators of sustainable livelihood of the poor households in Luanping County is: human capital ? material capital ? financial capital ? social capital ? natural capital. And human capital is the key to poverty alleviation and development of relocation democracy. The second is based on the perspective of community and peasant cases, it is found that the employment support of relocation and resettlement community has achieved good results, and the long-term benefit linkage mechanism between community and peasant households has been constructed. At the same time, the adaptability and poverty alleviation stability of peasant households have been greatly improved. On the basis of comprehensive theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, the paper draws the following conclusions. First, migration for poverty removes regional resource endowment factors that restrict the development of poor households.Second, the employment support policy of migration for poverty has enhanced the employment competitive advantage of the labor force. Third, migration for poverty on employment is affected by policy mechanism and human capital. Fourth, employment measures of migration for poverty have reduced the multi-dimensional poverty level of peasant households. Fifth, the employment mechanism of migration for poverty has improved farmers'sustainable livelihood ability. Therefore, the paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. The first one is to enhance the linkage effect between regional economy and employment to alleviate poverty. The second one is to give full play to the integration role of government departments and social resources. The third one is to give full consideration to the employment intention of the relocation groups.The fourth one is to improve the community integration mechanism of the relocation poor families.The fifth one to establish the relocation poverty alleviation effect of the relocation employment. State evaluation system.