在学生的成长和发展过程中，评价起着至关重要的作用。随着素质教育和新课程改革的不断深入推进，从国家对于学生综合素质评价的相关政策，到各级学校所制定的评价方案和实施细则，都体现了对学生综合素质评价的重视和关注，关注的目的就是要不断提高综合素质评价的实效性进而能够更好地达到以评价促进学生全面发展的目标。本研究的目的是分析学生综合素质评价实效性，发现实践中的优势与不足；接下来，分析影响学生综合素质评价实效性的因素，为评价工作的改进提供参考和依据。在文献资料查阅的基础上，本研究采用问卷法和访谈法收集数据，从准确性、可靠性、公平性以及效用性四个维度来进行实效性的讨论，并基于此分析相关影响因素。本研究涉及不同的研究对象，研究工具由两部分组成。第一部分是综合素质评价实效性的评价量表，由4个维度构成。第二部分是关于综合素质评价实效性及影响因素的访谈提纲，访谈提纲由教师访谈提纲、学校领导访谈提纲、学生家长访谈提纲和学生访谈提纲四个部分组成。对问卷和访谈数据进行分析，获得了研究结果。在分析和讨论的基础上，本研究得出了以下结论：1.从整体而言，学生综合素质评价工作的实效性不够理想。其中以“效用性”维度的得分最高，其次是“准确性”维度和“公平性”维度，“可靠性”维度的得分最低。2.初中学校在学生综合素质评价实效性方面显著高于高中学校。3.评价政策直接决定了综合素质评价的地位，也直接影响着评价实效性的各维度的水平。4.不同学段的学校以及在同一学校中不同职务的教师在学生综合素质评价的理念、态度上呈现显著差异。初中学校对于综合素质评价工作的重视程度要高于高中学校，在同一学校中校级领导（校长、副校长）在对学生评价工作的理解和观念方面显著高于中层干部和普通教师；5.不同任教学科的教师在学生综合素质评价工作中所发挥的作用上存在显著差异。科任教师在综合素质评价工作中表现出来的的认同度显著低于班主任教师。6.家长的学历、受教育水平、家庭的物质条件与经济条件对于学生在综合素质评价上的成绩有着较为显著的影响。7.学生因素主要来自于学生对评价的情感态度，学生对评价的态度主要受评价结果本身的作用、学生参与评价的程度以及围绕评价所开设的课程和活动这三个方面的影响。

In the process of growth and development of students, evaluation plays a vital role, With the deepening of quality education and promotion of the new curriculum reform,, from the national related policy to evaluation scheme and detailed rules for the implementation for students' comprehensive quality of schools at all levels, all reflected the attention and concern on the evaluation of the comprehensive quality of the students,concerin is to continuously improve the effectiveness of the comprehensive quality evaluation and thus better to achieve the goal of evaluation to promote all-round development of students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the students' comprehensive quality evaluation of effectiveness, discovering the advantages and disadvantages in practice. Next, analysis of the factors that affect students' comprehensive quality evaluation effectiveness, Provide reference and basis for the improvement of the evaluation work. Based on literature datum, data was collected and analyzed by means of interview and questionnaire method, the accuracy ,reliability, fairness and effectiveness of the four dimensions to the effectiveness were discussed,on the basis of analysis of influence factors. This study involved different subjects,of which the research tool consists of two parts, The first part was the evaluation of the effectiveness of the overall quality of the evaluation scale, constituted by the four dimensions. The second part was about the interview outline on the effectiveness of evaluation of the overall quality and influencing factors , which is made up of the teacher interview outline, school interview outline, parents of students at the interview outline and students interview outline of four parts. Questionnaire and interview data were analyzed to obtain the results. On the basis of analysis and discussion, this study reached the following conclusions:1. In general, Effectiveness of Students' comprehensive quality evaluation of the is not satisfactory. Among them, "utility" of dimension got the highest score, followed by "accuracy" dimension and the "fairness" dimension, "reliability" dimension was the lowest score.2. Junior high school students' comprehensive quality evaluation in terms of effectiveness was significantly higher than that of high school.3. Evaluation of policy directly decided the status of the overall quality appraisal, and the level of the evaluation of the effectiveness of each dimension.4. Students of the school and teachers in different positions in the same school are of great difference to the attitude of the evaluation of students' comprehensive quality concept. Junior high school degree of attention to the overall quality of the evaluation is higher than high school, the understanding and of perceptions of the university leaders (principals,vice principals)were significantly higher than middle-level cadres and ordinary teacher in the evaluation of the student’s. 5. There were atomi differences among the teachers of different subjects taught in the overall quality of the evaluation of students.Subject teachers in the overall quality of the performance evaluation of the work recognition degree was significantly lower than the class teacher.6. Parents of education, level of education, the material conditions and economic conditions of families had an obvious impact on the overall quality of the evaluation.7. Students factors mainly depended on the emotional attitude of student evaluation , the attitude of the students to evaluate the results of the evaluation itself is mainly affected by the role of students to participate in the evaluation of the extent and impact of these three areas around the evaluation of the courses and activities.Keywords: comprehensive quality assessment Effectiveness Influential Factors