就业是衡量一个国家宏观经济发展状况的重要方面，历来受到各国政府的密切关注。中国政府十分重视就业问题，尤其是在经济高速增长过程中实现社会快速转型的特殊时期，更加需要将就业作为国家发展战略中的一个关键因素来对待。但是随着我国劳动力市场一体化的推进，出现了一系列新的与就业相关的重要问题，例如：减员、业务外包、市场竞争日益激烈、不稳定就业增加、低技能劳动者就业困难、工作强度加大、工作生活平衡度降低、健康问题、劳动安全隐患等等。这些问题的出现使公众逐渐感觉到了就业并非单一的解决工作岗位数量的问题，而应该是一个涵盖诸如上述多方面就业质量因素的综合体。在此背景下，政府和学界对就业质量的关注和研究也越来越多。从全世界来看，提高就业质量，可以帮助劳动者从工作中获得多方面的收益，尤其是可以提高那些低收入群体的收入水平，所以是减少贫困的主要方式；对于一个国家来讲，研究就业质量是实现可持续发展的需要；就个人而言，提高就业质量则是实现高质量生活的必然途径，这也是经济社会发展的基本诉求所在。本文在分析国内外已有研究的基础上，提出了研究的基本假设，构建了一个包含宏观与微观两个层面的就业质量分析框架，利用2000年至2010年的国家统计数据和北京师范大学劳动力市场研究中心2011年就业质量调查数据，探究我国转型时期就业质量的基本状况和影响因素，并对影响就业质量的机制进行实证检验，以期找到提高就业质量的方法，为制定教育、培训和劳动力市场的相应政策提供参考。本文的主要结论包括：第一，本世纪以来的十多年间，我国总体就业质量表现出了较为稳定的增加态势。第二，各地区之间就业质量差距较大。我国转型时期就业质量排在最前面的地区主要是综合发展水平最高的地区，地区之间还存在明显的差异和分割。第三，就业环境有较小幅度的提高、就业能力提高幅度较大、就业状况明显减小、劳动报酬提高较大、社会保护提高明显、劳动关系没有提高反而出现小幅下降。第四，个人就业质量总体水平不高。第五，对我国转型时期各地就业质量以及当前时期个人就业质量的主要影响机制进行的实证分析结果表明，GDP、市场化程度、就业法规、劳动合同、社会保护五个解释变量为主要的影响因素，对外贸易、利用外资、户口制度对就业质量有负面影响。在对当前个人就业质量的回归分析发现，劳动报酬、社会保护、职业发展、工作生活平衡度、员工关系、劳动安全、工作与专业匹配度、加班及待遇、工资发放、职业受尊重程度对就业质量具有显著影响。本文研究结果的政策含义是十分明显的。首先，加快中西部地区经济发展，逐步缩小地区间经济发展水平的差异，适当地利用计划调节，是缩小就业质量差异的根本途径。同时，要加大教育投入和推进职业技能培训工作，提高地区人力资本水平，使劳动者技能与岗位需求的匹配度逐步增强，提升生产的效率。实现高质量就业的必要前提是要有一个一体化的劳动力市场，所以当前时期还必须通过完善相关制度来改变劳动力市场严重分割的局面，建立地区间高效一体的劳动力市场，实现平等就业。第二，继续加大就业培训服务的扶持力度，保证经济发展具有较好的人力资本数量保障。制定合理的收入分配政策，提高劳动者收入在国民总收入中的占比，逐步解决要素分配失衡的问题。提高社会保障的覆盖面，加强监督，健全制度，保证对工伤事故、劳资矛盾等问题的监管力度和鉴定质量。第三，由于就业质量的年龄分布呈现出了“先上升后稳定再上升“的阶梯状变化趋势，其中青年就业的专业匹配度较低严重影响了他们的就业质量，所以还要注意教育和劳动力市场的接轨问题，提高专业供需的匹配度。针对我国现阶段所有制、行业、职业发展的分割现状，在利用经济发展过程中市场自动调节的同时，还应该通过制度干预来打破所有制、行业、职业之间的分割，既注重资源配置的效率，还要兼顾公平，全面提高非国有、非垄断行业和蓝领劳动者们的就业质量。第四，在推进户籍制度改革的同时，改革与之相关的就业方面的配套政策尤为重要，将依附于户籍制度上的各种福利保障剥离出来，与劳动者的就业质量挂钩。第五，加快建立健全就业法规。

Employment is an important indicator of economic development for a country, and always can catch attention keenly from the governments of all countries around the world. The Chinese government is paying close attention to the problems of employment in the process of society transition, and taking the employment issue as a key factor in the national development strategies. But there are some new problems emerging along with the integration advancement of labor market, like staff reduction, outsourcing, pressure of competition, the instability of employment, employment difficulties of low skilled workers, increasing of working intensity, labor safety issues, health problems in factories, work and life balance and so on, which make people feel the problems of employment quality is appearing gradually. So there are many more concerns and studies took on the employment quality by governments and scholars.On the view of the whole world, to improve the employment quality is the main approach to reduce poverty. For a country, to study the employment quality is the necessary choice of realizing sustainable development. Personally, the improving of employment quality can help effectively achieve a high quality of life. Based on the analyzing comprehensively of existing literatures, the paper firstly puts forward the fundamental assumption of research, and sets up an evaluating framework of china’s employment quality from macro and micro aspects. Secondly, the paper researches the basic status and influencing factors of the employment quality in the transition period using the statistical data from 2000 to 2010 and the data of employment quality survey conducted by the Labor Market Research Center of Beijing Normal University in 2011. Thirdly, the paper takes an empirical estimate to the effect mechanism of the employment quality. Finally, the paper draws the conclusion of the study and brings forward the appropriate policy on the respect of labor market and education. The main conclusions from the study are: First, China’s overall employment quality shows a stable increasing trend for the last 10 years in the new century. Second, the employment quality in china’s different provinces has an obvious diversity. The top provinces of employment quality are just the regions of high development level in the period of transition. There exists critical regional differences and segmentation. Third, the employment environment is rising with small amplitude. The employment ability enhances with big scope. The employment status is obviously reducing. The payment for labor is greatly improving. The social protection has markedly increased. The labor relation does not increase instead is showing a slight decline. Fourth, the overall individual employment quality level is not high now. Fifth, GDP, the degree of marketization, employment law, labor contracts and social protection are as the main influence factors of provinces’ employment quality. Then foreign trade, foreign capital utilization, residence registration system take a negative effect for the provinces’ employment quality. Moreover, payment for labor, social protection, career development, work and life balance, employees’ relations, labor safety, matching degree between works and majors, overtime working and it’s pay, payroll, career respect degree have a significant impact with the employment quality.The policy implication of studying results is very clear in the thesis. First of all, to accelerate the economic development of central and west region of china, gradually lessen the regional differences of economic development and use of adjustment of government are the fundamental way to narrow the difference of employment quality. At the same time, it’s necessary to raise productive efficiency by increasing the investment in education, promoting the training of the occupational skill, improving the level of manpower capital of regions and increasing gradually matching degree between works and laborer’s skills. The essential prerequisite to achieve the employment status in high quality is to have an integrated labor market, so we’ve to adopt relevant institutions to change the serious situation of labor market segmentation to establish efficient labor market. Second, it’s also pretty important to increase the employment training service to ensure there is enough human capital for economic development. To make reasonable income distribution policy to solve gradually the problem by increasing income proportion in the GDP. And the Government institutions have to do their best to enlarge coverage of social security, strengthen supervision to the accidents, labor conflicts and the identification of the quality. Third, because the age distribution of employment quality shows the trend of “increased after the first stable rise”, we’ve to pay more attention to the connection between education and labor market. Furthermore, institutional intervention should be taken to improve the fairness of employment to promote the blue-collar workers' employment quality by break the segmented status of ownership, industry, occupation. Fourth, it’s significant to enhance the employment quality by stripping out the welfares from hukou during the process of registration system reform. Fifth, accelerate the establishment of sound employment regulations.