我国煤炭生产和消费在地域空间分布上存在明显的不均衡，这种地域差异性决定了 “西煤东运”和“北煤南运”的煤炭运输格局。从运输成本等考虑，目前煤炭运输主要采用铁水联运的方式，煤炭通过铁路运输后再从港口中转下水，这样港口在煤炭供应链中具有枢纽作用。而目前已投产运营或正在兴建的煤炭装船港主要集中分布在环渤海湾，在同一港口群高密度布局如此多的煤码头，势必造成同质化竞争的不断加剧。本文的研究对象是环渤海湾煤码头无序同质竞争的治理研究。首先从港口竞争策略、政府港口政策对港口竞争的影响两个角度描述了港口竞争的研究现状。并运用比较分析和系统研究的方法对环渤海湾煤码头建设发展及同质竞争的现状进行了深入分析，主要从投资竞争、货源竞争、政策竞争、价格竞争等方面进行论述。在环渤海湾煤码头同质竞争的要因分析中，主要采用利益分析的方法进行剖析，即中央与地方在港口发展上的利益分化与博弈、地方政府间的利益竞争、港口企业追逐利益最大化等造成了煤码头规划不合理、供需不平衡以及港口运力过剩，再加上专业化煤码头货源单一、业务相似，使得煤码头同质竞争更加白热化。围绕如何治理环渤海湾煤码头无序竞争的问题，提出要对地方政府的绩效考核模式进行改革，改变对GDP和吞吐量的崇拜，防止地方政府将发展港口作为政绩工程。政府要从社会福利最大化的角度推动环渤海湾港口管理模式改革，本文提出了组建环渤海湾煤炭港口管理委员会和推行地主港管理模式的设想。对于煤炭港口市场的盲目性、无序性，政府要从港口规模增长控制、定价权规制等方面加强宏观管理，并推动环渤海湾煤炭港口的合作与整合。在开展政府规制时，前提是要尊重港口企业的市场主体地位，引导煤炭港口企业走差异化发展之路，走内涵式发展之路，努力为客户创造价值，持续提升港口竞争力。

China's coal production and consumption are obviously unbalanced in the geographical spatial distribution. The geographical differences determine the pattern of west-east and north-south shipped coal transportation. Based on transportation costs and other considerations, coal transport takes intermodal way of the rail and sea, so that ports play a pivotal role in the coal supply chain. Coal loading port which has been put into operation or under construction are mainly concentrated in the Bohai Bay, where high-density layout of so many coal piers in the same port group will inevitably result in growing homogenized competition. The research object of this thesis is governance of disordered homogenized competition among Bohai Bay Coal Terminals. Firstly, this thesis describes status quo of port competition, from the aspects of port competition strategy and the impact of government policies on port competition. Moreover, this thesis uses comparative analysis and systematic study to make a deep analysis of the status of the construction and development of Bohai Bay coal terminals and their homogenized competition, focusing on investment competition, supply competition, policy competition and price competition. While studying the causes of homogenized competition among these coal terminals, this thesis mainly adopts benefit analysis and analysis finds that there are many reasons for their fierce competition, such as different interests between the central government and local government in port development, competing interests among local governments, port enterprises’ seeking of maximum benefits, which put together lead to irrational coal terminal planning, unbalanced supply and demand, and excessive transportation capacity. To make things worse, most of these terminals only have a single supply but offer similar service. It is, therefore, of great importance to make a study about how to govern the disordered competition among Bohai Bay coal terminals. After a series of analysis, this thesis finds that we must first reform the performance evaluation model of local governments, change the worship of GDP and throughput, and prevent local governments to take port development as vanity projects. Therefore, government should promote Bohai Bay port management mode for the purpose of achieving maximized social welfare. This thesis proposes formation of a Bohai Bay Coal Port Commission and implementation of a landlord port management mode. As for the blindness and disorder of the coal port market, the government should strengthen macroeconomic management through controlling these ports’ scale growth rate and regulating their pricing and promote cooperation among and integration of these ports. Moreover, the premise of government regulation is to respect port enterprise as market players, and based on that, the government should guide coal port enterprises to take differentiated and connotative development paths, and strive to create value for their customers and continue to enhance their competitiveness.