自著作权制度诞生之日起，作品孤儿化现象便客观存在，但直至近二十年，才因“谷歌数字图书馆计划”的海量作品数字化所引发的法律纠纷而浮出水面，成为炙手可热的话题。当文化资源与数字技术的结合日渐成为新的利益增长点，各馆藏资源的孤儿作品存量随数字化进程加深逐步显山漏水，庞大规模与文化价值让人无法对其置之不理，但其传统授权法则却难以适应现代大规模数字化需求，高昂的权利清算成本桎梏数字化进程，探索一条适应孤儿作品大规模数字化的路径势在必行。

作为源起北欧的现成的高效制度工具，延伸性集体管理制度本就是为应对大规模授权的现实要求而生，具体指使用者与集体管理组织订立一揽子许可协议，该协议的效力可延伸至非会员权利人的作品，由此，使用者理论上仅用一次授权便可以使用该协议下所有未声明不能使用的同类作品，其高效特质在数字化环境下备受瞩目。在《著作权法》（修正草案）中，我国也曾作出有益尝试，企图引入延伸性集体管理制度，但由于缺乏体制完善、运行良好的集体管理组织，而无对应主体能承担起延伸性集体管理的职责，强行移植遭受诸多质疑。经过数十年的发展，孤儿作品与数字技术结合的制度障碍随著作权交易的繁荣愈发凸显，本研究旨在重提延伸性集体管理，探究在数字环境下该制度应用于孤儿作品的适用性，并试图构建我国未来进行制度借鉴与移植可能的路径选择。

本研究通过文献研究法，比较研究法，案例分析法以及价值分析法从文化自由，著作权效率以及利益平衡三个角度分析延伸性集体管理制度在孤儿作品管理中具体的运作程序与作用发挥，兼顾讨论该制度所遭遇的一些合法性争议与实践难题。最后结合域外经验与我国现实，为未来建设孤儿作品的延伸性集体管理提出意见与建议，从制度本土化构建的角度重新界定集体管理组织的“代表性”，关注权利人缺位的情况下使用费收取与分配，并从权利限制，信息公开与内外监督三个方面完善制度构建。

我国目前虽无孤儿作品延伸性集体管理的立法，音著协与音集协却已有相关实践，由此造成了陡然上升的侵权之诉，以立法完善应对孤儿作品的延伸性集体管理迫在眉睫。本研究探索大规模数字化进程中延伸性集体管理在孤儿作品问题上的机制发挥，以期对我国孤儿作品问题的解决，延伸性集体管理的本土化移植以及集体管理组织建设等方面提供有益参考。

Since the birth of the copyright system, the objective phenomenon of orphaned works has existed, but it was not until the last two decades that it surfaced as a hot topic due to legal disputes arising from the digitization of massive works by the "Google Digital Library Project". When the combination of cultural resources and digital technology has become a new growth point of interest, the stock of orphan works in each collection is gradually revealed as the digitization process deepens, and its huge number with precious cultural value makes it impossible to ignore. However, the traditional licensing rules for orphan works are difficult to adapt to the needs of large-scale digitalization, and the high cost of right clearing shackles the digitalization process. As a result, it is imperative to explore a path to fit into the large-scale digitalization of orphan works.

As a ready-made and efficient system tool originated from Northern Europe, the extended collective licensing, in response to the realistic requirements of large-scale authorization, refers to the effect of package of license agreements between users and collective administrative organization which can be extended to the works of non-member right holders. This suggests that the users can use all works of the same kind that are not declared inaccessible through only a process of licensing, thus drawing a lot of attention to its great efficiency. China also made a useful attempt to introduce it in the third draft amendment of the Copyright Law. However, on account of the lack of well-functioning domestic collective administrative organization, there is no corresponding body to shoulder the responsibility of extended collective licensing, and the forced transplantation has been subject to many questions. After decades of development, the institutional obstacles to the combination of orphan works and digital technology have become more and more prominent with the prosperity of copyright transactions. This study aims to reintroduce the extended collective licensing, explore the applicability of the system on orphan works in the digital environment and the potential path selection for the introduction and construction of extended collective licensing of orphan works in China in the future.

The study analyzes the operation mode and specific role of the extended collective licensing in the management of orphan works from three perspectives: cultural freedom, copyright efficiency and balance of interests, and discusses the legitimacy disputes and practical difficulties of the system by means of literature research, comparative research, case study and value analysis. Eventually, in consideration of overseas experience and the actual situation at home, I attempt to propose suggestions and recommendations for the future construction of extended collective licensing of orphan works in China which includes redefining the "representativeness" of collective administrative organizations, focusing on the collection and distribution of royalties in the absence of rights holders, and improving the system construction in three aspects: limitation of rights, information disclosure and internal and external supervision.

Although there is no current legislation on the extended collective licensing of orphan works in China, Music Copyright Society of China and China Audio-Video Copyright Association do perform the system, which has led to a steep rise in the number of infringement lawsuits. All in all. it is urgent to improve the legislation to deal with the extended collective licensing of orphan works. This study explores the mechanism of extended collective licensing in the use of orphan works in the process of large-scale digitalization, with a view to providing useful references for solving the problem of orphan works in China, localizing the transplantation of extended collective licensing, and building collective administrative organizations.