研究主要采用个案研究法，从一线教师的角度，结合教学工作中遇到的问题，对2007年至2010年北京市中考数学试题进行研究。文章从试题的基础性、试题的科学性、试题的公平性、试题的稳定性和创新性方面，分析了北京市中考数学试题特征，主要有以下内容：1试题的基础部分主要考查课本中常用的概念和重要知识，以及常用的数学思想方法和数学能力；但综合题在解题过程的一小步骤中用新教材已经删除的知识解决更快捷，不利于体现试题的基础性；有些二次函数综合题，忽略对函数本质概念的考查。2中考每道试题都非常科学严谨，不存在知识层面的科学性问题；背景来自现实生活当中的原创型题目存在没有使用数学规范语言和文字表达不够清晰准确的问题。3探究类填空试题有的背景曾经出现过，有的题目中的思维困惑点的解法是固定模式的，造成解答的不公平；有的题型设计不利于具备不同数学能力的学生采用不同的求解方式时，获得与其能力相符的分值。4连续四年的常规题型、知识内容分布和试题的难易程度分布都基本不变，同时题型方面、知识的应用、试题背景方面都有创新；探究题的解法考生难以想到或过于偏僻或者涉及到新教材已删除的内容和高中知识。文章还分析了上述特征对教师的教和学生的学带来的影响。另外对北京市中考数学试题和教师教学提出建议，希望对命制符合新课程理念的试题以客观地反映和评价学生的数学学习状况有一定的帮助，发挥中考试题对初中数学教学的良好导向作用。

This study takes the case study method to carry out case studies from the perspective of the teachers,from 2007 to 2010, Beijing Questions in Mathematics. The study combines with the problems encountered in the teaching work, in accordance with the basis , science, fairness and coordination of the questions. The study analyzes the characteristics of the test questions :1. Common concepts and important knowledge base part examines the textbook questions, and the commonly used mathematical thinking and mathematical ability; But the problem in a small step in the process of solving the new materials have been removed by the knowledge to solve more quickly, is not conducive to reflect the basic questions; Some two function comprehensive problems, ignore the concept of functions essential examination;2 .Senior high school entrance examination of each item are very strict and scientific, there is no scientific knowledge level； The original background from the reality of life there is no use mathematical specification language and written expression is not clear problem；3. Probing questions and some background. There have been some problems, solution of thinking point of confusion is the fixed pattern, the unfair result; Some questions in the design is not conducive to the students with different mathematical ability is used to solve the problem in different ways, their ability to match score.4. The conventional type, four consecutive years of knowledge content distribution and the difficulty of the questions distribution are basically unchanged, while the types, the application of knowledge, have innovation item background; Method research for the examinee to think or too remote or involving new materials have been deleted and high school knowledge。Meanwhile, the essay analyzes the impacts of these characteristics of teachers teaching and students learning. Suggestions on the mathematics test question setting of the new course in Beijing aiming at the guiding role of the junior high school mathematics teaching.