不论是基于对生存环境的适应，还是由于人类道德的进步，我们在“看”动物的时候都多了一种时代应然性的要求：应该采取一种既具科学理性又具人文关怀的态度来看待它们。更确切地说，就是持有非人类中心主义的现代动物观。当“物种歧视”成为文学批评的新视角后，我们把动物观纳入动物小说的研究，它不仅具有文化批评的现实意义，还具有确立文体独立性的理论意义。 人类中心主义动物观和非人类中心主义动物观是本文研究的理论基础：人类中心主义动物观，在现实生活中主要表现为对动物的剥削和压迫，把动物视为财产、商品和工具，在传统的哲学层面主要表现为物种歧视，将人与动物二元对立，用理性和灵魂的优越来贬低动物性，将动物视为实现人类目的的工具；非人类中心主义动物观具有生物学、伦理学、后现代哲学和环境学等学科的思想基础，肯定动物在情感、性格、理性和自我意识等方面与人类的一致性，基于动物感受痛苦的能力肯定它们的伦理主体地位，主张动物生命是不以人类为中心的独立、多元的存在。 在论证方式上，为验证动物小说为动物代言的非人类中心主义动物观，本文主要分析了汤?西顿、杰克?伦敦、椋鸠十、比安基等人的作品，并把人类中心主义动物观所主导的“寓言动物”和“童话动物”作为反面例证，主要分析的作品有：《伊索寓言》《达?芬奇寓言集》和《动物农场》；《格林童话》《安徒生童话》和《夏洛的网》。在文本分析的方法上，主要通过分析动物形象与真实动物的关系以及人与动物的伦理关系，来确立作品的表达目的与表达方式和表达内容之间的关系，进而检验作品的动物观。 文本最终的结论是，动物小说与动物寓言和动物童话都不排斥“动物拟人”和“动物写实”这两种描写动物的表达形式，根本区别在于它们的表达目的——动物寓言和动物童话是以人类为目的指向，而动物小说是以动物为目的指向。在动物寓言中，动物写实主要是一种片段性的断章取义，由自然现象得出指向人类社会的训诫；而动物拟人主要是赋予动物以人类（低劣）的道德品性，达到间接讽刺或实体象征的目的——两种表达方式都是为表明人类的“寓意”，它是把动物当作一种象征工具的人类中心主义。在动物童话中，动物拟人主要是在动物身上寄托以真善美为核心的美好精神，用人类的情感和思维来主导动物；而动物写实主要是保留动物的部分属性，借用它们的力量来帮助人类——两种方式都是为促进人类的完善，它是把动物当作一种辅助工具的人类中心主义。在动物小说中，动物写实主要是对动物完整的生命历程给予亲人般的关照，基于真实的客观性来肯定动物的存在价值；而动物拟人主要是在表现动物形象时深入动物内心，基于人和动物共有的生命属性，表现动物生命的主体意识——两种方式都是以表现动物为目的，以真实性为基础，它是为动物代言的非人类中心主义。因此，动物小说不同于其他文学类型的特殊性在于，它既依托于现代动物观来看待动物，又通过在文本中确立动物的主体性来主张和表达非人类中心主义动物观。从动物小说为动物立言的角度，可以将之称为“动物主义小说”，这是动物小说确立自身独立性的根本所在。

Whether it is based on the adaptation to the living environment or the progress of human morality, we need to take a kind of scientific and humanistic attitude to treat them when we look at the animals. That is to say, we should support the modern animal outlook in non- anthropocentrism. When "species discrimination" has become a new perspective of literary criticism, we incorporate the animal outlook into the study of animal novels. It not only has the practical significance of cultural criticism, but also has the theoretical significance of establishing style independence of animal novels. The anthropocentrism and the non-anthropocentrism in animal outlook are the theoretical basis of our research: the anthropocentrism in animal outlook is mainly manifested in the exploitation and oppression of animals in real life, and the animals are regarded as property, goods and tools. In the traditional philosophy, we have a binary view in dividing human being from animals, using the superiority of reason and soul to degrade animal, regarding animals as a tool for the realization of human purposes; the non-anthropocentrism in animal outlook has the ideological basis of biology, ethics, post-modern philosophy and environmental science, and affirms that animals are in relation to human being in the aspects of emotion, character, reason, and self consciousness. Based on the ability of animals to feel pain, we affirm their ethical main body status, and argue that animal life is an independent and pluralistic existence which is not centered on human beings. On the way of demonstration, in order to verify the non-anthropocentrism in animal outlook of animal novels, we mainly analyze the works of Seton.E.T, Jack London, Liang Jiushi, Bianchi and others, and exemplify the "beast fable" and "fairy tale of beast" dominated by the anthropocentrism in animal outlook as the reverse examples. The works to be analyzed include: Aesop's Fables, Da Finch Fables and Animals Farm, Green Fairy Tales, Andersen's Fairy Tales and Charlotte's Web. In the method of text analysis, by analyzing the relationship between the animal image and the real animal and the ethical relationship between the human and the animal, we have established the relationship between the purpose and the expression and the content of a work, and have tested the animal outlook of the works. Our final conclusion is that both animal novels and beast fables and fairy tales of beast do not exclude the two descriptive forms of animal expression, which are "animal personification" and "animal realism". The fundamental difference lies in the purpose of their expression - beast fables and fairy tales of beast are directed by human being and animal novels are speaking for animals. In beast fables, animal realism is mainly a fragment of breaking out of context, from natural phenomena to get a warning to the human society, and animal personification is mainly to endow animals with human (inferior) moral character, to achieve the purpose of indirect irony or entity symbol. The two expression means are to serve for human beings. It is the anthropocentrism that regards animals as a symbolic tool. In fairy tales of beast, animal personification mainly lies in placing the truth, the good and the beauty on animals, and dominating animals with human emotion and thinking, and the animal realism is mainly to retain part of the animal's attributes and borrow their power to help human beings. The two ways are to promote human perfection. It is the anthropocentrism that treats animals as an auxiliary tool. In animal novels, animal realism is mainly having a loving look at the entire life of animals. Based on the true objectivity, the animal's existence value is affirmed. The main purpose of animal personification is to go into the heart of animals, based on the life attributes shared by human beings and animals, and to express the subjective consciousness of animal life. The two ways are serving for the expression of animals and based on the authenticity. It is a non- anthropocentrism view in speaking for animals. Therefore, the particularity of animal novels which is different from other literary types, not only they are relying on the modern outlook of animal to looking, but also to assert and express the non-anthropocentrism in animal outlook by establishing the subjectivity of animals in the text. From the perspective of animal novels, it can be called "Animalist Novels". This is the fundamental reason for animal novels to establish their own independence.