公共数据开放是一柄双刃剑，在数据开放中公共数据得到挖掘和利用，但可能出现侵害个人隐私的情况。如何在公共数据开放中保护个人隐私，如何平衡公共利益和个人利益的关系，考验着当代政府的执政能力。

      文章根据数据权和数据生命周期理论，基于主体构建了研究框架。从公共数据开放平台、公民、公共管理部门这三个维度着眼，深入剖析在公共数据开放中个人隐私保护的现状和问题。对公共数据开放平台的研究，采用实证分析法，选取10个公共数据开放平台作为研究样本，通过对平台基本情况、隐私数据类型以及平台对隐私数据保护情况的分析发现其中的问题。在公民方面，对我国数据开放中公民隐私保护的权利进行了梳理，通过调查问卷的方式，对公民隐私保护的情况进行调查，发现公民的隐私保护权利需要进一步完善，公民隐私保护意识有待增强。针对公共管理部门的研究，采用内容分析法对国家和地方两个层面的相关法律法规进行分析，发现国家在立法体系和监管制度上的不足。

      对此问题的研究，欧盟和美国的一些作法值得我们借鉴，比如欧盟推出的“黄金法则”GDPR；美国覆盖整个数据生命周期的监督管理机构；美国公共数据开放平台隐私保护的细致规定等。

      根据公共数据开放中个人隐私保护存在的问题，结合欧盟和美国的经验和教训，笔者提出相应的对策。在公共数据开放平台方面，完善隐私保护相关规定，细化隐私数据开放规则，加强对平台的技术、人员、第三方数据处理者的监管力度。在公民方面，规范公民的隐私保护权利，提高公民的隐私保护意识，让公民知道该自身拥有哪些权利，并且知道如何保护个人的合法权益等。在公共管理部门方面，应建立健全相关领域的立法体系，从国家层面，要明晰个人信息和个人隐私的概念，通过颁布《指导意见》让概念模糊的法规更加具体，制定《隐私保护法》以及相关领域的专项立法；从地方层面，要加快相关领域法规政策的立法进程，法规政策要与时俱进，增强隐私保护的针对性。要构建完善的监督管理机制，公共管理部门要加强自我监管，保障相关领域的法律落地执行。

Public data opening is a double-edged sword. In the process of data opening, public data is mined and utilized, but personal privacy may be infringed.How to protect personal privacy in the opening of public data and how to balance the relationship between public interests and personal interests test the ruling ability of contemporary government.

According to the theory of data weight and data life cycle, this paper constructs a research framework based on subject. From the three dimensions of public data open platform, citizens and public administration departments, this paper deeply analyzes the current situation and problems of personal privacy protection in public data open.For the research of public data open platform, the empirical analysis method is adopted, and 10 public data open platforms are selected as research samples. Through the analysis of the basic situation of the platform, the types of private data and the protection of private data by the platform, the problems are found.In terms of citizens, this paper sorts out citizens' right to privacy protection in China's data opening, and investigates the situation of citizens' privacy protection by means of questionnaires. It is found that citizens' right to privacy protection needs further fine-tune, and citizens' awareness of privacy protection needs to be enhanced.In view of the research of public administration departments, the content analysis method is used to analyze the relevant laws and regulations at the national and local levels, and the shortcomings of the national legislative system and oversight over system are found.

The research on this issue, some practices of the European Union and the United States are worth learning from, such as the "Golden Rule" GDPR introduced by the European Union; The supervision and management institution covering the entire data life cycle in the United States; Detailed regulations on privacy protection of American public data open platform, etc.

According to the problems of personal privacy protection in public data opening, combined with the experience and lessons of the European Union and the United States, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures.In terms of public data open platform, fine-tune privacy protection related regulations refine private data open rules; Strengthen the oversight over of platform technology, personnel and third-party data processors.In terms of citizens, procedure-based citizens' right to privacy protection, improve citizens' awareness of privacy protection, let citizens know what rights they have, and know how to protect their lawful rights and interests and interests.In terms of public administration departments, we should establish and improve the legislative system in related fields. From the national level, we should clarify the concepts of personal information and personal privacy, make the vague laws and regulations more specific by promulgating the Guiding Opinions, and formulate the Privacy Protection Law and special legislation in related fields; From the local level, it is necessary to speed up the legislative process of laws and regulations in related fields; Laws and regulations should keep pace with the times; Enhance the pertinence of privacy protection.To build a supervision and management mechanism of fine-tune, public management departments should strengthen self-oversight over; Ensure the implementation of laws in related fields.