我国甲状腺疾病的患病率高达51.0%，其中15-19岁的青少年女性群体中各类甲状腺疾病的发病率以每年12.4%的速度逐年升高。处于青春期阶段的青少年女性开始关注自身的容貌和身材，但甲状腺疾病的出现使得青少年女性既要承担慢性疾病对身体造成的损伤，又要面临疾病造成的容貌和身材的变化。双重的打击使得青少年女性患者在成长过程中面临更多的情绪困境和压力，进而对容貌外表产生严重的焦虑情绪。因此，从青少年女性患者的视角出发去了解容貌受损对其个人生活的变化和影响，同时探究其产生容貌焦虑情绪背后蕴藏的社会机制，分析归纳青少年女性患者为对抗容貌焦虑所采取的应对策略，对进一步发挥社会工作者在缓解患病青少年女性容貌焦虑情绪中的作用具有重要意义。

本文研究的主要问题为：青少年女性甲状腺疾病患者容貌焦虑及应对策略，具体展开为以下三个子问题：第一，描述青少年女性甲状腺疾病患者对容貌的认知感受变化及容貌焦虑情绪对其造成的影响。第二，探究青少年女性甲状腺疾病患者容貌焦虑背后的社会机制。第三，探寻青少年女性甲状腺疾病患者通过哪些方式和策略来应对容貌焦虑的困扰。在此基础上，本研究采用质性研究的方法，运用滚雪球及偶遇抽样选取在北京XX医院和内蒙古XX医院就诊的15名患有甲状腺疾病的青少年女性为研究对象，探索研究对象对于容貌焦虑情绪的主观体验和生活经历，并总结社会工作者可为青少年女性甲状腺疾病患者的容貌焦虑问题做出的服务。

本研究得出以下结论：（1）甲状腺疾病所带来的容貌的改变使青少年女性患者出现或加重焦虑情绪。（2）青少年女性患者在容貌变化后会逐渐物化、怀疑自我甚至发生伤害自身的行为，在与他人的社交中会不断与他人比较、担心他人的评价以至于出现社交回避。（3）青少年女性患者的容貌焦虑情绪受到社会性别机制和消费机制的双重影响。（4）青少年女性患者在面对容貌变化引起的焦虑情绪时会采取情绪上、认知上、行为上三方面的应对策略，在此过程中能够获得积极体验建立起病友支持网络。

最后，基于本文的研究发现，青少年社会工作者可以从以下三个方面来改善或缓解青少年女性患者的容貌焦虑情绪：疏导容貌变化情绪，重构积极身体意象；扩展社会支持网络，缓解容貌焦虑情绪；开展同质小组活动，增加个体积极体验。

The prevalence of thyroid disease in China is as high as 51.0%, with the incidence of all types of thyroid disease among adolescent females aged 15-19 years increasing at a rate of 12.4% per year. Adolescent females in the adolescent stage are concerned about their appearance and body shape, but the emergence of thyroid disease makes adolescent females bear both the physical damage caused by chronic diseases and the changes in appearance and body shape caused by the disease. The double whammy causes adolescent females to grow up with more emotional distress and stress, which in turn leads to severe anxiety about appearance. Therefore, it is important to understand the changes and effects of appearance impairment on the lives of adolescent females from their perspectives, to explore the social mechanisms behind their appearance anxiety, to analyze and summarize the coping strategies adopted by adolescent females to combat appearance anxiety, and to further develop the role of social workers in alleviating the appearance anxiety of adolescent females with the disease.

The main question of this study is: appearance anxiety and coping strategies in adolescent female thyroid patients, which is developed into the following three sub-questions: First, to describe the changes in perceptions of appearance and the effects of appearance anxiety on adolescent female thyroid patients. Second, to investigate the social mechanisms behind the appearance anxiety of adolescent female thyroid patients. Third, to investigate the ways and strategies that adolescent females with thyroid disease use to cope with appearance anxiety. On this basis, this study used a qualitative research method to select 15 adolescent females with thyroid disorders attending XX Hospital in Beijing and XX Hospital in Inner Mongolia using snowball sampling as the study subjects to explore the subjective experiences and life experiences of the study subjects regarding appearance anxiety and to summarize the services that social workers can provide for the appearance anxiety of adolescent females with thyroid disorders.

The following conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) The change in appearance brought about by thyroid disease causes or aggravates anxiety in adolescent female patients. (2) Adolescent female patients gradually objectify and doubt themselves and even harm themselves after the change in appearance, and they constantly compare themselves with others in social interactions, worry about the evaluation of others, and even develop social avoidance. (3) The appearance anxiety of adolescent females is influenced by both gender and consumption mechanisms. (4) Adolescent female patients adopt emotional, cognitive, and behavioral coping strategies to deal with the anxiety caused by changes in appearance, and in the process, they can gain positive experiences and build up a patient support network.

Finally, based on the findings of this paper, adolescent social workers can improve or alleviate the appearance anxiety of adolescent female patients in the following three ways: channeling appearance change emotions and reconstructing positive body imagery; expanding social support networks to alleviate appearance anxiety; and conducting homogeneous group activities to increase positive individual experiences.