手机成瘾是世界范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题，已严重影响到青少年身心的健康发展。根据社会生态理论，父母是青少年的重要他人，会对青少年的心理和行为发展产生重要影响，手机成瘾也不例外。已有研究发现与手机使用相关的父母教养行为能够减少青少年手机成瘾，但是这些研究仅停留在以变量为中心的研究层面，无法真实且全面地反映我国与手机使用相关的父母教养行为的实际情况；同时原有西方价值观影响下的父母教养行为可能不再适用于受传统孔子文化影响的中国父母。因此探究我国特殊社会文化背景下的与手机使用相关的父母教养行为对青少年手机成瘾的影响具有重要意义。

本研究采用概率与规模成比例的抽样方法对来自全国31个省份和地区的8261名10岁以上青少年及其父母进行问卷调查。首次采用潜在剖面分析探究“赋予青少年手机使用的自主权”、“与手机使用相关的亲子沟通质量”、“与手机使用相关的亲子沟通频率”、“父母对青少年手机使用内容的知晓程度”、“父母对青少年手机使用时间的知晓程度”、“父母对青少年手机使用的监控”、“委托其他亲人对青少年手机使用的监控”和“父母关于手机使用奖惩措施”这八种具体的与手机使用相关的父母教养行为的潜在剖面特征，并进一步考察在不同潜在剖面亚组中青少年手机成瘾的差异。

本研究发现：(1) 我国存在七种与手机使用相关的父母教养行为组合模式：完全忽视型、委托监控-忽视型、知晓-忽视型、委托监控-民主型、无委托监控-民主型、沟通-权威型、知晓-专制型。(2) 在所有与手机使用相关的父母教养行为组合模式中，与手机使用相关的“无委托监控-民主型”父母教养模式下青少年手机成瘾的倾向最低，与手机使用相关的“沟通-权威型”和“知晓-忽视型”父母教养模式下青少年手机成瘾的倾向次之，与手机使用相关的“委托监控-民主型”、“委托监控-忽视型”、“完全忽视型”和“知晓-专制型”父母教养模式下青少年手机成瘾的倾向最高。

本研究为指导中国父母如何综合使用多种与手机使用相关的父母教养行为对青少年手机使用进行管控，从而有效地为预防和干预青少年手机成瘾提供了重要参考。基于该研究成果，未来可以通过筛查广大青少年父母所采用的与手机使用相关的父母教养模式，对于可能导致较高手机成瘾倾向的与手机使用相关的父母教养模式的青少年及父母尽早采取预防措施，有针对性地对不同类型的与手机使用相关的父母教养模式的父母采取不同的教育培训，从而更有效地制约青少年出现手机成瘾的问题。此外，在教育培训基础上开展青少年手机成瘾的家庭治疗项目促进不同与手机使用相关的父母教养模式的家庭相互学习和完善自身对青少年手机使用采取的教养行为。

Smartphone addiction has been a common and widespread, worldwide public health issue, which has seriously affected the physical and mental development of adolescents. According to the social ecological theory, parents are the significant others of adolescents and have an important influence on their behavior development including smartphone addiction. Previous studies have explored that smartphone-specific parenting practices can decrease the smartphone addiction among adolescents, but these studies mainly used variable-centered approaches. As such, the smartphone-specific parenting practices in China can't be truly and comprehensively reflected. In addition, parenting practices developed in the western culture may not be applicable to Chinese parents, who were immersed in the traditional Confucius culture. Therefore, it is of great significance to examine smartphone-specific parenting practices in the current Chinese contexts and its implications for adolescents’ smartphone addiction.

In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted using a Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling approach among 8261 adolescents aged over 10 years and their parents from 31 provinces and regions in China to examine the potential profiles of a variety of smartphone-specific parenting practices, including “autonomy granting,” “communication quality,” “communication frequency,” “parental knowledge about content,” “parental knowledge about time,” “parental monitoring,” “acquaintance monitoring,” and “sequence control,” and also to examine possible differences in adolescents’ smartphone addiction across different profiles.

Results showed that: (1) Seven smartphone-specific parenting profiles were identified through latent profile analyses: the Total Neglecting profile, the Acquaintance Monitoring-Neglecting profile, the Knowledge-Neglecting profile, the Acquaintance Monitoring-Democratic profile, the no Acquaintance Monitoring-Democratic profile, the Communication-Authoritative profile, and the Knowledge-Authoritarian; (2) Among these profiles, adolescents from the no Acquaintance Monitoring-Democratic profile reported the lowest levels of smartphone addiction, followed by those from the Communication-Authoritative profile and the Knowledge-Neglecting profile. Adolescents from the Acquaintance Monitoring-Democratic profile, the Acquaintance Monitoring-Neglecting profile, the Total Neglecting profile, and the Knowledge-Authoritarian demonstrated relatively higher levels of smartphone addiction than those from the other three profiles.

This study provides important insights for Chinese parents to guide them on how to control adolescents’ smartphone use by integrating various smartphone-specific parenting practices adolescents. Based on the results of the study, in future practices, we can conduct the screening first by assessing adolescent parents’ smartphone-specific parenting profiles and then may intervene early in those parents and adolescents with parenting profiles that may be at a higher risk for smartphone addiction. This targeted education and intervention may be more effective in reducing the incidence of adolescents’ smartphone addiction. Moreover, multi-family group therapy, a family-wide treatment program, for adolescents’ smartphone addiction also can be carried out to promote families with different smartphone-specific parenting profiles to learn from each other and ultimately improve their own smartphone-specific parenting practices.