多项国家政策文件的出台表明我国政府高度重视家庭教育，随着《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的颁布与实施，家庭教育从“家事”上升为“国事”。以往研究表明，家庭教育深刻影响婴幼儿成长和发展，不适宜的家庭教育对儿童的身心发展造成严重后果。尽管一些父母想要成为好父母，但并不是所有的家长凭借经验就能够胜任教育者角色，新手父母亟需家庭教育指导，然而已有家庭教育指导服务难以满足婴幼儿家长需要，因此有必要拓展家庭教育指导渠道，增加服务提供主体，完善家庭教育指导的实践路径，来提高我国家庭教育指导的有效性和系统性。

为充分梳理当前婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的国际经验，了解我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导服务实践，及家长获取指导服务的现状与需求，并在此基础上提出优化我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的建议，本研究基于福利多元主义理论和4421家庭教育指导理论，依次开展了3个子研究，并得到以下研究结果：

研究一：婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的国际经验研究

采用比较研究法，分别梳理美国、新加坡和澳大利亚三国政府与非营利部门家庭教育指导服务相关实践，总结婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践国际经验的特点：尊重家长的主体地位；政府部门与非营利部门密切合作；积极培育家庭教育指导项目；注重指导内容的专业性与可及性；指导人员资格认证与项目培训相结合；重视评估指导有效性。

研究二：我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的现状研究

采用文本分析法和问卷法梳理我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践、了解我国婴幼儿家长接受家庭教育指导的现状与需求，总结我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的现状：出台政策文件明确指引家庭教育指导工作；非营利部门家庭教育指导服务处于初始阶段；注重搭建互联网家庭教育指导资源平台；指导内容符合婴幼儿年龄特征并顺应时代变化；指导人员专业性未能满足家长需求；家庭教育指导的效果有待改善。

研究三：我国婴幼儿家庭教育指导实践路径的优化研究

采用比较研究法，从理念目标、组织制度、指导方式、指导内容、指导人员和效果评估等方面对比国内外婴幼儿家庭教育指导的实践路径，基于比较结果，提出以下优化建议：坚持家长主体，特别关注特殊需要和困境儿童家庭；鼓励社会力量参与，构建家庭教育指导服务多元供给格局；促进科研与实践，培育推广基于循证实践的家庭教育指导项目；降低信息壁垒，提高家庭教育指导专业服务可及性；培养专业人员，提高家庭教育指导者的专业水平；加强监督与评估，推广家庭教育指导服务有效经验。

The introduction of a number of national policy documents shows that the Chinese government attaches great importance to parenting. With the promulgation and implementation of the family education promotion law of the people's Republic of China, family education has risen from "family affairs" to "state affairs". Previous studies have shown that family education has a profound impact on the growth and development of infants and young children, and inappropriate family education has serious consequences for children's physical and mental development. Although some parents want to be good parents, not all parents can play the role of educators by virtue of experience. Novice parents urgently need family education guidance. However, the existing family education guidance services are difficult to meet the needs of infant parents. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the channels of family education guidance, increase the service providers and improve the practice path of family education guidance, To improve the effectiveness and systematicness of family education guidance in China.

In order to fully sort out the international experience of the current practice path of infant family education guidance, understand the practice of infant family education guidance service in China and the current situation and needs of parents to obtain guidance service, and put forward suggestions on optimizing the practice path of infant family education guidance in China, this study carried out three sub studies based on welfare pluralism theory and 4421 family education guidance theory, The following research results are obtained:

Study 1: International Experience Research on the practical path of infant family education guidance

Using the method of comparative research, this paper combs the relevant practices of family education guidance services of governments and non-profit departments in the United States, Singapore and Australia, and summarizes the characteristics of international experience of infant family education guidance practice: respecting the dominant position of parents; Close cooperation between government departments and non-profit departments; Actively cultivate family education guidance projects; Pay attention to the professionalism and accessibility of the guidance content; Guide the combination of personnel qualification certification and project training; Attach importance to evaluating the effectiveness of guidance.

Study 2: Research on the current situation of the practical path of infant family education guidance in China

Using the methods of text analysis and questionnaire to sort out the practice of infant family education guidance in China, understand the current situation and needs of infant parents receiving family education guidance, and summarize the current situation of infant family education guidance practice path in China: issue policy documents to clearly guide the work of family education guidance; The family education guidance service of non-profit department is in the initial stage; Focus on building an Internet family education guidance resource platform; The guidance content conforms to the age characteristics of infants and young children and conforms to the changes of the times; The professionalism of the instructors fails to meet the needs of parents; The effect of family education guidance needs to be improved.

Study 3: Research on the optimization of the practical path of infant family education guidance in China

Using the comparative research method, this paper compares the practice paths of infant family education guidance at home and abroad from the aspects of concept and objectives, organizational system, guidance methods, guidance contents, guidance personnel and effect evaluation. Based on the comparison results, the following optimization suggestions are put forward: adhere to the main body of parents, pay special attention to the families of children with special needs and difficulties; Encourage social forces to participate and build a diversified supply pattern of family education guidance services; Promote scientific research and practice, and cultivate family education guidance projects based on evidence-based research; Reduce information barriers and improve the accessibility of professional services for family education guidance; Train professionals and improve the professional level of family education instructors; Strengthen supervision and evaluation, and promote the effective experience of family education guidance services.