随着全球变暖，南极冰架崩解事件的发生愈益频繁，冰架崩解产生的冰山是南极冰盖-冰架-海洋系统中活跃的组成部分，冰山的运动特征和时空分布对南大洋洋流循环、海洋生态以及水文系统有非常重要的影响。利用卫星遥感监测冰山运动与变化信息，探究冰山的崩解、消融以及冰山的分布，研究冰山和周围海洋环境之间的相互作用机制，是理解南极冰山变化与全球气候变化之间关系的关键，然而目前关于冰山变化的研究较少。本文在多源遥感数据的基础上，首先以默茨（Mertz）冰山为例分析了南极典型平顶冰山的运动变化特征，其次提取了全南极冰山的分布特征，最后分析了海底地形对于冰山分布的影响。具体研究内容包括： 1) 提出了一种基于特征匹配的利用CryoSat-2雷达高度计数据提取冰山出水高度变化的方法，结合欧洲环境卫星（ENVISAT）所携带的先进的合成孔径雷达（ASAR）影像提取的冰山面积变化信息，分析默茨冰山在南大洋运动过程中冰山崩解和消融之间的关系，发现冰山在南极夏季的连续性面积减少和气温升高导致的冰山表面消融有关，冰山在南极冬季的突发性面积降低和冰山运动引发的冰山底部消融有关。 2) 利用面向对象的多尺度图像分割算法实现了基于ENVISAT ASAR影像的冰山快速精准提取。利用2006年8月63期ENVISAT ASAR影像提取了离全南极海岸线400千米海域内32267座面积大于0.06平方千米的冰山，统计了南极冰山的空间分布特征，结果发现南极小型冰山在全南极淡水输入中扮演着不可忽视的作用。 3) 提出了一种利用杨百瀚大学微波遥感实验室冰山轨迹数据提取搁浅冰山信息的方法，结合英国南极局Bedmap-2栅格数据定量分析了海底地形对于冰山运动和搁浅的影响。研究发现冰山搁浅事件频数和搁浅冰山轨迹点的数量分布与冰山水下厚度分布有关，自由运动的冰山在南极陆坡锋区域存在数量和速度的峰值，海底地形的变化也会对自由冰山的运动速度产生影响。研究将南极近岸海域划分为了三类搁浅区，即冰山易搁浅区、较易搁浅区和不易搁浅区。

In the context of global warming, the calving events of Antarctic ice shelves are becoming more and more frequent, the icebergs calved from ice shelves are active component of Antarctic ice sheet-ice shelf-ocean system, the drifting characteristics and temporal-spatial distribution of icebergs can influence Antarctic ocean currents, ecology and hydrology. To understand the underlying relationship between Antarctic icebergs and global climate change, it is essential to investigate the icebergs’ drifting characteristics, mass loss due to calving and melting, icebergs distribution, and the interaction between icebergs and the ocean, which haven’t been fully studied. Based on the multi-source remote sensing datasets, this paper firstly analyzed the drifting characteristics of Antarctic tabular icebergs by taking an example of Mertz icebergs, then extracted the distributions of Antarctic icebergs, and finally studied the impacts of seafloor topography on icebergs distributions. The specific research contents are as follows: 1) A method in using CryoSat-2 radar altimeter to extract iceberg freeboard change was raised. Combining the area changes extracted from ENVISAT ASAR images and freeboard changes, the study aims to analyze the relation between iceberg calving and melting of Mertz icebergs, we found that the gradual area loss of icebergs in austral summer is related to surface melting caused by increasing air temperature, the sudden and discrete area loss of icebergs in austral winter is related to basal melting induced by intensive iceberg movement. 2) Based on the Object-oriented multiscale image segmentation algorithm, 32267 Antarctic icebergs in coastal waters with area larger than 0.06 km2 were extracted from 63 ENVISAT ASAR images in August 2006. The spatial distribution characteristics of icebergs were also analyzed, we found that small-sized icebergs play an important role in freshwater flux into the Southern Ocean. 3) A new method of extracting grounding icebergs from Brigham Young University (BYU) Iceberg Database was established. The effects of seafloor topography on iceberg drifting and grounding were analyzed using BYU iceberg datasets and Bedmap-2 datasets. We found that the quantitative distributions of iceberg grounding events and the tracking points of grounded icebergs are mainly affected by iceberg draft, there exist the peak tracking point number and linear velocity of free-drifting icebergs in Antarctic Slope Front, the seafloor fluctuations can influence the moving speed of free icebergs. Besides, we also divided the Antarctic coastal waters into three grounding zones for the first time, which are the Most likely grounding zone, the Likely grounding zone, and the Not likely grounding zone.