中文摘要 作为约瑟夫•海勒的成名之作，《第二十二条军规》以它独有的“黑色幽默”开拓了文学史上的另一片疆土，打破了当时美国文坛万马齐喑的沉闷景象。小说虽然以第二次世界大战末期美国的一个飞行大队为题材，却并没有真实地描述战争场景，正如海勒所说，“我对战争题材不感兴趣，在《第二十二条军规》里，我也并不对战争感兴趣，我感兴趣的是官僚权力结构中的个人关系。”由于国内外对主人公尤索林的研究已较为丰富，本文的重点将不再是主人公，而是主人公身旁一个很不起眼的角色-斯诺登。虽然他只有短短的几句台词，却在整本小说中反反复复被提及，尤其是斯诺登之死，在尤索林脑海中挥之不去，一次又一次地重复当时的场景。 除去重复的部分，斯诺登一共不超过五句台词，文中对斯诺登的描述也就寥寥几千词，然而短短的四十二个章节中却有十几章都会提及斯诺登。作者采用插叙的手法重复提及斯诺登，每次提及都会或多或少增加一些新的内容，直到最后几个章节才将斯诺登的故事完整地展现在读者面前。早在第四章斯诺登就被人问起：“昔日的斯诺登夫妇现在何方？”短短的几句对话之后，作者便将话锋一转，转而描述其他事情，斯诺的再次被提及已是几万词之后的第十二章。正是由于这种重复再现的演绎，使得斯诺登一直萦绕在读者脑中，让人忍不住猜想斯诺登到底是谁，直到整本小说读完，才终于对斯诺登有所了解。再次读这部小说时，则不禁佩服作者独特的写作手法，正是作者的良苦用心，一遍一遍地展现斯诺登之死，才使得最后尤索林的逃跑显得顺理成章，丝毫没有牵强之感。 关键词：斯诺登，死亡，第二十二条军规，社会

Abstract Being the most famous work of Joseph Heller’s, Catch-22 ends the cold time of the American literature which lasts for over ten years in 1950s and during which no great works have ever come out. Although the whole novel sets on an American flight team during the second world war, it doesn’t really describe any scenes of the wars. As Heller says, “In the Catch-22 in war, I also not interested, I was interested in the personal relationship of the bureaucratic power structure.”(Schulz) Prominent as Catch-22 is, there has already been numerous studies on Captain John Yossarian, the protagonist. In this essay, Yossarian is no longer the concentration but his teammate Snowden is. Due to the reason that Snowden has few dialogues in the whole story, he is not quite popular among scholars, however, Snowden has been mentioned over and over again in many chapters, especailly the death of Snowden. The whole description of Snowden in this novel can be arranged in less than two pages if ignoring these repeated episodes, but there are one third of the chapters which mentions Snowden. With the excellent application of reduplication and flashback, Heller adds a little more details each time he mentions Snowden. Not until the last few chapters can readers know the whole story of Snowden. In chapter four, Yossarian asks, “Where are the Snowdens of yesteryear?”(Heller 35) Only after a few words, this topic is changed to other things and the next time when Snowden is mentioned again is, however, in chapter twelve, tens of thousand words after. Neverthelesss, it is these repeated episodes that makes such a small character linger around in readers’ minds. One tends to guess who Snowden is during the reading, but no one can get the answer until he finally finishes the book. A second reading of this novel will easily lead to the admiration of Heller’s unique writing techniques. It is the over and over again demonstration of the death of Snowden that naturally drives the final escape of Yossarian. In Catch-22, Snowden “acts as catalyst for the fundamental change in Yossarian's mentality and outlook”(Wikipedia.org). His death eventually stimulates Yossarian’s notion of escape and firms his bilief in getting rid of the system of craziness. The death of Snowden also contributes to the expression of the theme of this book and portrays a further accusation of the American society during that certain time by repeating his death scene over and over again. Key words: Snowden, death, Catch-22, society