作为传统社会中主导性的价值体系、政教制度和文章观念，传统文脉及其物质构成在清末民初几十年间遭遇了系统性转型，国族文化秩序和个体心性结构皆在时势的激变和震荡中徘徊于对“先进文明”的追摹和“文化根脉”的护持之间。从文章学路径对此一过程的描摹，能够呈现后设性的纯文学观念和体制所遮蔽的复杂维度与状况。本文尝试以“近代文章学的演变与散逝”为视角，从内在义理、政治观念、文教体制、文学意涵四个方面切入，探究古文义脉在十九世纪末二十世纪初这一中西古今文化冲突而交汇的时期如何回应时代问题，经历解构而重组，最终融汇进入现代文学体制的过程。

本文的主体分为四部分。第一章关注清中期后传统文章步入转折的历史进程，聚焦曾国藩基于清代现实问题而对学问原理进行的深度思考和融汇改造，以及其以“文气论”为中心、试图打通字学训诂和文章义法的独特进路与价值，由此把握文章之学从内在义理一环失效而开始的近代散逝与转型。

第二章以两条线索分别考察清末民初“北学”士人群。一方面描摹徐世昌及其周边古文家在民初保守的政权力量与中西文明论战的世界性语境中试图维持古文旧式政治性而终至背向新时代的过程，另一方面考察“国群铸一通俗讲演社”和严复等新知识人，他们以演讲、译述等新的形式为中介，重塑文章与政治之关系，共同构成更新中等社会政治态度、接通前五四与后五四政治路向的关键环节。

第三章以高步瀛、钱基博和王葆心的著述与相关文教实践为中心，勾勒他们参与新的文教制度塑造，以期推动文脉本身的保存接续与现代转化的过程，讨论古文脉络在近代文学观念生成与文教转型过程中的“显影”与“遮蔽”，并由此透视作为一体之两面的文章学消散与现代学科更生。

第四章聚焦“情感”、“美质”等源自西方的文学观念在现代中国的生成。本章试图在二十世纪上半叶现代文章学、修辞学、美学、文法等混杂共生的多元空间中，梳理胡怀琛、陈望道、鲁迅等新知识人对“情何由生”、“何谓之美”的思考，并透视他们在各自的文化实践中培育文学新质，并寄蕴深意、有所树立的文化自觉意识。

        通过相对动态地呈现传统古文义脉现代转型的历史进程，本文一方面尝试以历史化的方式重新勘探作为一种“认识性装置”的现代文学文论观念，从而在更深的意义上理解整个传统文化体系在向现代思想转型的过程中所遭遇的裂解与再构，所体现的源流与参差，所面对的突显与遮蔽；另一方面，本文希望将“文章学”这一理论视角与“总体性”视野及基于当代的文化意识结合起来，努力激发中国现代性经验的合乎自身逻辑的表达。

This paper tries to explore the transformation of the ancient Chinese Prose to the Modern literature from the perspective of the evolution of “WenZhangXue” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, namely, describes the evolution process of literary system through the investigation of the ideological origin, the political ideas,  the modern Chinese discipline system and the intrinsic nature of the Modern literature in the tension between inheriting the tradition of the ancient Chinese culture and absorbing the western culture.

This paper is composed by four chapters.

The first chapter focuses on the historical process of the ancient Chinese prose entering the turning period after the middle Qing Dynasty. This chapter points out Zeng Guofan had depth of thought based on the realistic problems of the Qing Dynasty. His theory about “wenqi” which tried to combine the characteristic of Chinese word with Chinese prose is very valuable. But the ideological origin of the ancient Chinese prose dissipated after the era of Zeng Guofan.   

The second chapter investigates the group of intellectuals under the name of “BeiXue” with two clues. Xu Shichang and the litterateur around him maintained the conservative political nature of the ancient Chinese prose in the Context of Clash of Civilizations. In contrast, the popular speech club named “GuoQun ZhuYi” and Yan Fu and other new intellectuals reconstructed the relationship between the ancient Chinese prose and the new political ideas through speech, translation and other new forms. The variants of the ancient Chinese prose became the key link of the political path before and after the May Fourth Movement.

The third chapter pays close attention to the distinctive cultural and educational theory and practice of Gao Buying, Qian Jibo and Wang Baoxin, and mainly shows the process of shaping the new Chinese discipline system in different ways by them. They devoted to the preserving and transforming the ancient Chinese prose in modern times. It gives us an opportunity to study two sides of the same coin——the dissipating of the ancient Chinese prose and the formation of the modern Chinese discipline system.

The fourth chapter focuses on the process of generating of the Lyrical literature and the Aesthetic literature and other literary concepts derived from the West in modern China. This chapter tries to present the deep thoughts of Hu Huaichen, Chen Wangdao and Lu Xun and other new intellectuals about “How does lyricism happen”, “What is the aesthetic” in a multi-dimensional space includes “WenZhangXue”,  Rhetoric, Aesthetics, Grammar and other disciplines in order to reflect their historical and cultural consciousness.

          In conclusion, this paper tries to study the conception of modern literature as an epistemology by presenting the course of history dynamically and to form a deep understanding about the restructuring of the whole system of traditional culture in the process of transforming to modern system. At the same time, this paper wants to discuss the genetic method as a research principle and stimulate the expression of its own logic based on the experience of Chinese modernity.