随着我国现代化进程的逐渐深入，垃圾分类在城乡治理，国家总体发展战略中的地位愈发凸显。我国有关垃圾分类的政策也随着越来越多，越来越细化。自2017年垃圾分类被明确纳入政府职责后，有关我国垃圾分类政策的研究层出不穷。这些研究主要集中在地方政府对于垃圾分类政策的实施上，也有一些研究关注垃圾分类政策的变迁。关于垃圾分类政策主体的研究目前较少。

本文整理了2015年“强制分类”概念出现后的中央有关文件和国务院文件，将其分为三个不同阶段。运用文献研究法，文本分析法和历史分析法将垃圾分类政策在三个阶段的演变阐明，再通过协同理论的视角分析各个阶段中政策主体关系的变迁。

研究发现，三个阶段当中政府无论是在政策的制定和发布，政策的实施以及政策的考核监督环节都占主导地位，是政策主体实现协同的“序参量”。而要使垃圾分类政策达到更好的治理效果，需要更完善的制度建设，更开放的政策体系，让三个政策环节中的其他主体产生更多自发动力，形成更好的协作结构。

With the gradual deepening of China's modernization process, the status of garbage classification in urban and rural governance and the overall development strategy of the country is becoming increasingly prominent. China's policies on garbage classification are becoming more and more detailed. Since garbage classification was explicitly included in the government's responsibilities in 2017, research on China's garbage classification policies has emerged endlessly. These studies mainly focus on the implementation of garbage classification policies by local governments, and there are also some studies that focus on the changes in garbage classification policies. There is currently limited research on the subject of garbage classification policies.

This article summarizes the relevant central and State Council documents after the emergence of the concept of "mandatory classification" in 2015, and divides them into three different stages. Using literature research, text analysis, and historical analysis methods, this study elucidates the evolution of garbage classification policies in three stages, and then analyzes the changes in policy subject relationships in each stage from the perspective of synergy theory.

Research has found that in the three stages, the government plays a dominant role in policy formulation and release, policy implementation, and policy assessment and supervision, and is the "order parameter" for policy entities to achieve synergy. To achieve better governance effects of garbage classification policies, it is necessary to establish a more comprehensive system and an open policy system, allowing other entities in the three policy links to generate more spontaneous momentum and form a better collaborative structure.